Инфаркт мозга, ишемия мозга © Cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia
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Topics https://www.youtube.com/user/1MGMU/pl... Cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, 1999, 7 min
STROKE (late lat. Insultus attack) - acute cerebrovascular accident. Violation of blood circulation can be in the brain - cerebral I. or in the spinal cord - spinal stroke.
According to WHO materials, the frequency of new cases of I. within a year ranges from 1.27 to 7.4 per 1000 population, which to a certain extent depends on the age of the surveyed. In the USA, per 1000 people. the population of I. was identified in 2.6 cases. In Japan, in persons over 40 years of age, hemiplegia or other symptoms of transferred I. were found in 15.7 cases per 1000 population. The structure of vascular lesions of the brain changes mainly due to an increase in the number of ischemic forms. According to the data of a number of clinics analyzed at the Institute of Neurology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1963 the number of softenings exceeded the number of hemorrhages by 23%, and in 1969 - by 32%. In the 30s. in England, mortality from cerebral hemorrhage exceeded mortality from softening by more than 2 times, and in the 70s. mortality from softening exceeds mortality from hemorrhage. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in most economically developed countries ranks third after heart disease and tumors, accounting for 12-15% of total mortality. The risk factors for the development of I. are: 1) a genetic predisposition to vascular diseases and impaired cerebral and coronary circulation; 2) hyperlipidemia associated with impaired lipid metabolism; 3) arterial hypertension; 4) hyperglycemia; 5) obesity; 6) insufficient physical. activity; 7) smoking; 8) the age of patients (the number of patients with I. in older age groups increases); 9) a history of repeated regional cerebral vascular crises; 10) individual characteristics of the constitution (pycnic), mode of life and nutrition (a positive correlation was established between the consumption of cereals, sugar and the level of mortality from vascular lesions of the brain); 11) repeated stress and prolonged neuropsychic stress. With a combination of three or more unfavorable factors, the predisposition to I. increases.
By the nature of patol, I.'s process is divided into two groups: hemorrhagic and ischemic (cerebral infarction).
Hemorrhagic I. includes hemorrhages in the brain substance (parenchymal) and under the membranes of the brain (subarachnoid, subdural, epidural), as well as combined forms - subarachnoid-parenchymal or parenchymal-subarachnoid, parenchymal-ventricular, etc.
Ischemic I. is divided into thrombotic (including embolic) and non-thrombotic. Thrombotic includes cerebral infarction, which develops as a result of complete occlusion of extra- or intracranial vessels caused by thrombosis, embolism, obliteration of the vessel by atherosclerotic plaque, etc. Non-thrombotic I. occurs in the absence of complete occlusion of the vessel, more often in conditions of atherosclerotic lesions, angiospastic state, tortuosity cerebrovascular insufficiency. In some cases, mixed forms of I. are found: a combination of hemorrhagic and ischemic foci, for example, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral infarction.
#медфильм
STROKE (late lat. Insultus attack) - acute cerebrovascular accident. Violation of blood circulation can be in the brain - cerebral I. or in the spinal cord - spinal stroke.
According to WHO materials, the frequency of new cases of I. within a year ranges from 1.27 to 7.4 per 1000 population, which to a certain extent depends on the age of the surveyed. In the USA, per 1000 people. the population of I. was identified in 2.6 cases. In Japan, in persons over 40 years of age, hemiplegia or other symptoms of transferred I. were found in 15.7 cases per 1000 population. The structure of vascular lesions of the brain changes mainly due to an increase in the number of ischemic forms. According to the data of a number of clinics analyzed at the Institute of Neurology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1963 the number of softenings exceeded the number of hemorrhages by 23%, and in 1969 - by 32%. In the 30s. in England, mortality from cerebral hemorrhage exceeded mortality from softening by more than 2 times, and in the 70s. mortality from softening exceeds mortality from hemorrhage. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in most economically developed countries ranks third after heart disease and tumors, accounting for 12-15% of total mortality. The risk factors for the development of I. are: 1) a genetic predisposition to vascular diseases and impaired cerebral and coronary circulation; 2) hyperlipidemia associated with impaired lipid metabolism; 3) arterial hypertension; 4) hyperglycemia; 5) obesity; 6) insufficient physical. activity; 7) smoking; 8) the age of patients (the number of patients with I. in older age groups increases); 9) a history of repeated regional cerebral vascular crises; 10) individual characteristics of the constitution (pycnic), mode of life and nutrition (a positive correlation was established between the consumption of cereals, sugar and the level of mortality from vascular lesions of the brain); 11) repeated stress and prolonged neuropsychic stress. With a combination of three or more unfavorable factors, the predisposition to I. increases.
By the nature of patol, I.'s process is divided into two groups: hemorrhagic and ischemic (cerebral infarction).
Hemorrhagic I. includes hemorrhages in the brain substance (parenchymal) and under the membranes of the brain (subarachnoid, subdural, epidural), as well as combined forms - subarachnoid-parenchymal or parenchymal-subarachnoid, parenchymal-ventricular, etc.
Ischemic I. is divided into thrombotic (including embolic) and non-thrombotic. Thrombotic includes cerebral infarction, which develops as a result of complete occlusion of extra- or intracranial vessels caused by thrombosis, embolism, obliteration of the vessel by atherosclerotic plaque, etc. Non-thrombotic I. occurs in the absence of complete occlusion of the vessel, more often in conditions of atherosclerotic lesions, angiospastic state, tortuosity cerebrovascular insufficiency. In some cases, mixed forms of I. are found: a combination of hemorrhagic and ischemic foci, for example, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral infarction.
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