EXTRA CELLULAR VESICLES (Exosomes, Micro vesicles, , and Autophagosomes), A PROMISING IMMUNOTHERAPY

Most of the #dermaimmunology  between cells occurs through the transfer of #bioactive molecules(#proteins, #nucleicacids, #metabolites,& #lipids) transported either through passive #diffusion or by carrier molecules such as #extracellularvesicles (#EVs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space.  The main subtypes are #microvesicles (#MVs), #exosomes, & #apoptoticbodies. Bioactive molecules delivered through Evs can cause physiological changes in recipient cells. Exosomes constitute ideal #biomarkers  & therapy monitoring as they are present in bodily fluids.
EVs have the ability to elicit #immuneresponses against #pathogens  & #tumors by carrying #antigens  & immune-stimulating factors. The cellular machinery utilized in the production, packaging, and secretion of EVs is frequently USED by #viruses for their own replication, assembly, & egress. EVs produced by viruses have the potential to serve as strong #immunomodulatory agents, capable of either #stimulating or #inhibiting the immune system. Interactions between #viruses & EVs can serve as a promising #immunotherapy approach for addressing a broad range of disorders.
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REFERENCES:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1036
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