102 #Spain 1944 ▶ Deutsches Afrika Korps DAK / Africa Corps (1) POW Exchange Barcelona (May 44)
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Spain 1944 ▶ Deutsches Afrika
Spain 1944 ▶ Deutsches Afrika Korps DAK / German Africa Corps (Part 1) POW Exchange Port of Barcelona (17-19. May 1944) Seventh Exchange of Prisoners of War
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The Afrika Korps or German Africa Corps / Deutsches Afrikakorps DAK, was the German expeditionary force in Africa during the North African Campaign of World War II. First sent as a holding force to shore up the Italian defense of their African colonies, the formation fought on in Africa, under various appellations, from March 1941 until its surrender in May 1943. The unit's best known commander was Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. The Afrika Korps formed on 11 January 1941 and one of Hitler's favourite generals, Erwin Rommel, was designated as commander on 11 February. The German Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, OKW had decided to send a "blocking force" to Italian Libya to support the Italian army. The Italian 10th Army had been routed by the British Commonwealth Western Desert Force in Operation Compass (9 December 1940 – 9 February 1941). The German blocking force, commanded by Rommel, at first consisted of a force based only on Panzer Regiment 5, which was put together from the second regiment of the 3rd Panzer Division. These elements were organized into the 5th Light Division when they arrived in Africa from 10 February – 12 March 1941. In late April and into May, the 5th Light Division was joined by elements of 15th Panzer Division, transferred from Italy. At this time, the Afrika Korps consisted of the two divisions, and was subordinated to the Italian chain of command in Africa. On 15 August 1941, the German 5th Light Division was redesignated 21st Panzer Division, the higher formation of which was still the Afrika Korps. During the summer of 1941, the OKW increased the presence in Africa and created a new headquarters called Panzer Group Africa. On 15 August, the Panzer Group was activated with Rommel in command, and command of the Afrika Korps was turned over to Ludwig Crüwell. The Panzer Group comprised the Afrika Korps, with some additional German units now in North Africa, plus two corps of Italian units. The Panzer Group was, in turn, redesignated as Panzer Army Africa on 30 January 1942. After the German defeat in the Second Battle of El Alamein and the Allied landings in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), the OKW once more upgraded the presence in Africa by adding first the XC Army Corps, under Nehring, in Tunisia on 19 November 1942, then an additional 5th Panzer Army on 8 December, under the command of Colonel-General Hans-Jürgen von Arnim.
"MS Gripsholm" was an ocean liner, built in 1924 by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, for the Swedish American Line for use in the Gothenburg-New York City run. She was of great historical importance as the first ship built for transatlantic express service as a diesel-powered motor vessel, rather than as a steamship. From 1927 onwards, the Gripsholm made transatlantic passenger crossings and regular recreational cruises. Gripsholm was one of the first ships to call at the Canadian Pier 21 immigration terminal in Halifax, Nova Scotia and made 101 trips with immigrants to Pier 21. From 1942 to 1946, the United States Department of State chartered Gripsholm as an exchange and repatriation ship, carrying Japanese and German nationals to exchange points where she then picked up US and Canadian citizens (and British married to Americans or Canadians) to bring home to the USA and Canada. In this service she sailed under the auspices of the International Red Cross, with a Swedish captain and crew. The ship made 12 round trips, carrying a total of 27,712 repatriates. Exchanges took place at neutral ports; at Lourenço Marques (now Maputo) in Mozambique or Mormugoa (now Goa) in Portuguese India with the Japanese, and Stockholm or Lisbon with the Germans. After the war, Gripsholm was used to deport inmates of US prisons to Italy and Greece.
"Freigeleit": Von Oran wurde ein Teil des in Afrika in Gefangenschaft geratenen Sanitätspersonals sowie schwerverletzte Soldaten des Afrika-Korps mit einem Freigeleit-Schiff und einem Sanitätsschiff nach Marseille gebracht. Auf deutscher Seite hatten die Schiffe eine große Aufschrift "FREIGELEIT" auf den Bordwänden. Eines dieser Schiffe war die DJENNE (8790 BRT), . The German ships "Aquileia" (hospital ship), and "Djenné" (Freigeleit, ex French), were at Barcelone 25.-28.10.1943. There the Red Cross had arranged an exchange of prisoners of war, which were transported to Barcelone by the French "Cuba" and the British "Tairea". exchange at Oran, in October 1943, too. But the German ships were two former French ships, the "Djenné" and the "Sinaia", and no hospital ship.
#history #ww2 #Spain #Germany #military #worldwar #DAK #worldwar2 #wwii #simplehistory #Barcelona #Rommel #Elalamein #Africa
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