Thiazide Diuretics Pharmacology Nursing NCLEX Review (Mechanism of Action & Side Effects)

Thiazide diuretics pharmacology nursing NCLEX review about the mechanism of action, side effects, nursing implications, and patient education.

Thiazide diuretics work to inhibit the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the early part of the distal convoluted tubule. This will decrease sodium reabsorption...meaning less sodium will enter back into the blood. Instead, the sodium will stay in the filtrate. Therefore, this will cause more water to stay in the filtrate and less to be reabsorbed back into the blood…hence, leading to diuresis (increased urination).

Thiazides are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and renal calculi that are composed of calcium.

Side effects of thiazides include hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and orthostatic hypotension.

Nursing implication for thiazide diuretics are monitoring for signs and symptoms of dehydration (low blood pressure, fast heart rate), strict intake and output measure, daily weights, monitor labs for electrolyte imbalances, avoid digoxin and lithium toxicity etc.

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