Types of synapses - electrical & chemical

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• Neurons communicate with one another or effector cells via synapses that allow information to be filtered and integrated.

• The two types of synapses are:
• electrical
• chemical.
• Electrical synapses, also known as gap junctions, contain many ion channels (connexons) connecting two adjacent cells. This type of synapse is common in smooth and cardiac muscle.
• Gap junctions allow:
• faster communication than chemical synapses
• the coordination of larger numbers of cells
• two-way transmission between cells.

• Chemical synapses include a physical separation between adjacent cells called the synaptic cleft.
• Since action potentials only propagate along membranes, they cannot cross the synaptic cleft.
• In order to communicate across the cleft, the action potential is converted into a chemical signal when it reaches the presynaptic end bulb.
•  Communication at a chemical synapse is one-way only from presynaptic to postsynaptic membranes.

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