SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES - All you need to know | Overview | Caribbean Country

Friction between the British and the Caribs led to the First Carib War in 1769 over British attempts to extend colonial settlements into Black Carib territories. Caribs successfully defended the windward side of the island. British commissioners launched a full-scale military assault on the Caribs in 1772 but political opposition in London prompted an enquiry and ended fight. With military matters at a stalemate, a peace agreement was signed in 1773 that delineated boundaries between British and Carib areas of the island. A representative assembly was authorized by the British in 1776. France captured Saint Vincent in 1779 during the American War of Independence, but it was restored to Britain by the Treaty of Versailles (1783). The Second Carib War started in 1795 by the Caribs, with a support of French and they successfully gained control of most of the island except for the area around Kingstown. British started a war with Caribs eventually crushed the Carib in 1797. More than 5,000 black Caribs were deported from Saint Vincent about half of them died in concentration camps, and the rest were sent to the island of Roatán off the coast of present-day Honduras. British used African slaves to work plantations of sugar, coffee, indigo, tobacco, cotton and cocoa. Decades after the success of the Haitian Revolution, the British abolished slavery in 1834, without slaves’ profits declined; so many landowners abandoned their estates and left the land to be cultivated by liberated slaves. This resulted in labour shortages and attracted Portuguese immigrants in the 1840s and East Indians in the 1860s as laborers. It was harsh for both former slaves and immigrant agricultural workers, as the sugar prices kept the economy stagnant until the turn of the 20th century. A Crown Colony government was installed in 1877, a Legislative Council created in 1925. During this period, the British made several unsuccessful attempts to affiliate St. Vincent with other Windward Islands in order to govern the region through a unified administration. Finally in 1979, St Vincent and The Grenadines gained full independence from Britain, while remaining a member of the Commonwealth. It is the last Windward Islands to gain independence on 27 October 1979.

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