Meningocele, Myelomeningocele, and Spine Bifida Occulta
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7 سال پیش
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Spina bifida is a congenital
Spina bifida is a congenital birth defect that affects the development of the spine and spinal cord in a developing fetus. It occurs when the neural tube, which is the embryonic structure that eventually forms the brain and spinal cord, does not close properly during the early stages of pregnancy. This incomplete closure can result in a range of physical and neurological problems.
There are several types of spina bifida, including:
1. Spina Bifida Occulta: This is the mildest form and often goes unnoticed because it typically does not cause any symptoms. In spina bifida occulta, the outer part of some of the vertebrae is not completely closed, but the spinal cord and its covering are not exposed. It may be discovered incidentally on an X-ray taken for another reason.
2. Meningocele: In this form, the protective membranes around the spinal cord (meninges) push through the opening in the vertebrae to form a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid. This type of spina bifida typically results in mild or no neurological symptoms, as the spinal cord itself is not involved.
3. Myelomeningocele (or Spina Bifida Cystica): This is the most severe form of spina bifida. In myelomeningocele, the spinal canal remains open along several vertebrae in the lower back. This allows the spinal cord and nerves to protrude through the opening, often forming a sac outside the baby's back. This condition can result in significant neurological problems, including paralysis, bladder and bowel control issues, and other health complications.
The exact cause of spina bifida is not entirely clear, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of spina bifida.
Treatment for spina bifida depends on the severity of the condition. Children born with spina bifida typically require surgical repair of the spinal defect shortly after birth. Many individuals with spina bifida will also require ongoing medical care and rehabilitation to manage associated complications and optimize their quality of life.
Management of spina bifida may involve a team of healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and urologists, among others. The goal of treatment is to address physical and neurological issues and to help individuals with spina bifida lead as independent and healthy a life as possible.
With advances in medical care and surgical techniques, many individuals with spina bifida can lead fulfilling lives, although they may face various challenges associated with their condition. Early intervention, supportive care, and ongoing medical follow-up are crucial in managing spina bifida.
There are several types of spina bifida, including:
1. Spina Bifida Occulta: This is the mildest form and often goes unnoticed because it typically does not cause any symptoms. In spina bifida occulta, the outer part of some of the vertebrae is not completely closed, but the spinal cord and its covering are not exposed. It may be discovered incidentally on an X-ray taken for another reason.
2. Meningocele: In this form, the protective membranes around the spinal cord (meninges) push through the opening in the vertebrae to form a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid. This type of spina bifida typically results in mild or no neurological symptoms, as the spinal cord itself is not involved.
3. Myelomeningocele (or Spina Bifida Cystica): This is the most severe form of spina bifida. In myelomeningocele, the spinal canal remains open along several vertebrae in the lower back. This allows the spinal cord and nerves to protrude through the opening, often forming a sac outside the baby's back. This condition can result in significant neurological problems, including paralysis, bladder and bowel control issues, and other health complications.
The exact cause of spina bifida is not entirely clear, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of spina bifida.
Treatment for spina bifida depends on the severity of the condition. Children born with spina bifida typically require surgical repair of the spinal defect shortly after birth. Many individuals with spina bifida will also require ongoing medical care and rehabilitation to manage associated complications and optimize their quality of life.
Management of spina bifida may involve a team of healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and urologists, among others. The goal of treatment is to address physical and neurological issues and to help individuals with spina bifida lead as independent and healthy a life as possible.
With advances in medical care and surgical techniques, many individuals with spina bifida can lead fulfilling lives, although they may face various challenges associated with their condition. Early intervention, supportive care, and ongoing medical follow-up are crucial in managing spina bifida.
7 سال پیش
در تاریخ 1396/09/30 منتشر شده
است.
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