Cleaning Capacity of Soap - MeitY OLabs

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Cleaning Capacity of Soap:-
Hardness of water is caused by the presence of the salts of calcium and magnesium in water.   These salts are soluble in water. When soap is added to hard water, it reacts with the salts to form a scum, which is insoluble and floats on top of the water surface. The scum is formed due to the formation of insoluble calcium or magnesium salts of the fatty acid used in the soap formation. The insoluble scum sticks on the clothes and so soap in solution then becomes ineffective. Therefore, the presence of calcium and magnesium salts in water precipitates the soap thereby reducing its cleansing power and foaming capacity. Cleaning with soap is effective in soft water. Soap lathers better in soft water and is scum free.

This video explains the cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water.

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