Brachial Plexus Branches - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim
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Dr. Ebraheim's animated educational video
Dr. Ebraheim's animated educational video describing brachial plexus branches.
The long thoracic nerve arises from three nerve roots (C5,C6,C7). The long thoracic nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle. Paralysis of the long thoracic nerve will cause medial winging of the scapula.
The dorsal scapular nerve supplies the rhomboid major, rhomboid minor and the levator scapulae muscles. The dorsal scapular nerve is a very important nerve. It differentiates preganglionic from postganglionic brachial plexus injury. Preganglionic brachial plexus injury will have a poor recovery potential. It occurs proximal to the dorsal root ganglion. There will be rhomboids paralysis in addition to other findings such as Horner’s syndrome and scapular winging. When injury occurs to the dorsal scapular nerve it will cause rhomboids winging of the scapula and loss of shoulder abduction.
The nerve to the subclavius is a very small nerve that supplies a very small muscle, the subclavius muscle.
The suprascapular nerve gives branches to the supraspinatus muscle as well as the infraspinatus muscle. Entrapment of the nerve can occur within the suprascapular notch or the spinoglenoid notch.
The lateral pectoral nerve is a muscular nerve that pierces the clavipectoral fascia and ends by supplying the pectoralis major muscle.
The upper subscapular nerve supplies the upper part of the subscapularis muscle.
The thoracodorsal nerve forms the posterior cord between the lower and upper subscapular nerve, running through the axilla passing obliquely laterally and downwards. The thoracodorsal nerve passes in front of the lower part of the subscapular artery to reach the deep surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle at the inferior angle of the scapula.
The lower subscapular nerve supplies the lower part of the subscapularis (that which is not supplied by the upper subscapular nerve) and teres major muscles.
The medial pectoral nerve supplies the muscles of the pectoralis minor and major.
Areas of the skin that are supplied bu the medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm and arm.
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. It supplies the biceps muscle of the shoulder. It also supplies the coracobrachialis muscle and brachialis muscle on the lateral side of the arm. Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve may produce weakness of elbow flexion and weakness of forearm supination.
The axillary nerve arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The axillary nerve supplies the muscles of the deltoid, teres minor, giving sensation over the shoulder area.
The radial nerve continues into the posterior compartment of the upper arm. The sensory areas involving the cutaneous branches of the upper arm and forearm, and the superficial sensory radial nerve are shown here. The radial nerve allows extension of the wrist and the fingers. If the radial nerve becomes injured, this may cause “wrist drop”.
The ulnar nerve originates from C8-T1 nerve roots which form the medial cord of the brachial plexus. The ulnar nerve gives sensation to the ulnar one and one-half digits, as well as the ulnar part of the palm and the wrist. The ulnar nerve supplies all intrinsic muscles of the hand except the three thenar muscles and the two lateral lumbricals. Just past the elbow, the nerve gives branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus. In the forearm, the ulnar nerve divides into dorsal and palmar cutaneous branches. In the hand, the nerve further divides into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve divides into palmar digital nerves after it passes under and supplies the palmaris brevis muscle. The deep branches of the ulnar nerve innervates the three hypothenar muscles, the medial two lumbricals, the seven interossei, the adductor pollicis and the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis. The palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve provides sensation to the palm of the hand (the finger sensation is provided by the superficial branch). The dorsal cutaneous branch gives innervation to the medial dorsal aspect of the hand and the one and a half fingers.
The median nerve supplies all muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus. The median nerve supplies motor innervation to the 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles and the majority of muscles in the thenar group. The median nerve innervates the skin on the palmar side of the thumb, the index finger, the middle finger and half of the ring finger.
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The long thoracic nerve arises from three nerve roots (C5,C6,C7). The long thoracic nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle. Paralysis of the long thoracic nerve will cause medial winging of the scapula.
The dorsal scapular nerve supplies the rhomboid major, rhomboid minor and the levator scapulae muscles. The dorsal scapular nerve is a very important nerve. It differentiates preganglionic from postganglionic brachial plexus injury. Preganglionic brachial plexus injury will have a poor recovery potential. It occurs proximal to the dorsal root ganglion. There will be rhomboids paralysis in addition to other findings such as Horner’s syndrome and scapular winging. When injury occurs to the dorsal scapular nerve it will cause rhomboids winging of the scapula and loss of shoulder abduction.
The nerve to the subclavius is a very small nerve that supplies a very small muscle, the subclavius muscle.
The suprascapular nerve gives branches to the supraspinatus muscle as well as the infraspinatus muscle. Entrapment of the nerve can occur within the suprascapular notch or the spinoglenoid notch.
The lateral pectoral nerve is a muscular nerve that pierces the clavipectoral fascia and ends by supplying the pectoralis major muscle.
The upper subscapular nerve supplies the upper part of the subscapularis muscle.
The thoracodorsal nerve forms the posterior cord between the lower and upper subscapular nerve, running through the axilla passing obliquely laterally and downwards. The thoracodorsal nerve passes in front of the lower part of the subscapular artery to reach the deep surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle at the inferior angle of the scapula.
The lower subscapular nerve supplies the lower part of the subscapularis (that which is not supplied by the upper subscapular nerve) and teres major muscles.
The medial pectoral nerve supplies the muscles of the pectoralis minor and major.
Areas of the skin that are supplied bu the medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm and arm.
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. It supplies the biceps muscle of the shoulder. It also supplies the coracobrachialis muscle and brachialis muscle on the lateral side of the arm. Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve may produce weakness of elbow flexion and weakness of forearm supination.
The axillary nerve arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The axillary nerve supplies the muscles of the deltoid, teres minor, giving sensation over the shoulder area.
The radial nerve continues into the posterior compartment of the upper arm. The sensory areas involving the cutaneous branches of the upper arm and forearm, and the superficial sensory radial nerve are shown here. The radial nerve allows extension of the wrist and the fingers. If the radial nerve becomes injured, this may cause “wrist drop”.
The ulnar nerve originates from C8-T1 nerve roots which form the medial cord of the brachial plexus. The ulnar nerve gives sensation to the ulnar one and one-half digits, as well as the ulnar part of the palm and the wrist. The ulnar nerve supplies all intrinsic muscles of the hand except the three thenar muscles and the two lateral lumbricals. Just past the elbow, the nerve gives branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus. In the forearm, the ulnar nerve divides into dorsal and palmar cutaneous branches. In the hand, the nerve further divides into superficial and deep branches. The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve divides into palmar digital nerves after it passes under and supplies the palmaris brevis muscle. The deep branches of the ulnar nerve innervates the three hypothenar muscles, the medial two lumbricals, the seven interossei, the adductor pollicis and the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis. The palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve provides sensation to the palm of the hand (the finger sensation is provided by the superficial branch). The dorsal cutaneous branch gives innervation to the medial dorsal aspect of the hand and the one and a half fingers.
The median nerve supplies all muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus. The median nerve supplies motor innervation to the 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles and the majority of muscles in the thenar group. The median nerve innervates the skin on the palmar side of the thumb, the index finger, the middle finger and half of the ring finger.
Follow me on twitter:
https://twitter.com/#!/DrEbraheim_UTMC
Donate to the University of Toledo Foundation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Endowed Chair Fund:
https://www.utfoundation.org/foundati...
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در تاریخ 1396/04/23 منتشر شده
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