Temple of Philae, Egypt, 27 December 2022 | The last of the classical Egyptian temples!
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Built to honour the goddess
Built to honour the goddess Isis, this was the last temple built in the classical Egyptian style. Construction on the Philae island began around 690 B.C., and it was one of the last outposts where the goddess was worshipped.
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During the Ptolemaic period, the Philae island was a most prominent pilgrimage site among the
Egyptians and Nubians. That declined during the Roman era. The temple of Isis was one of the last ancient Egyptian temples that remained active, until the Byzantine Emperor Justinian (reign A.D. 527-565) ordered the closure of it and converted the Temple of Isis into a Christian church.
The boat that takes you to the island leaves you near the Kiosk of Nectanebo I, the oldest part of the temple complex, and the entrance to the temple is marked by the 18 meter high first pylon with reliefs of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos striking his enemies.
Two obelisks were erected in front of the Temple of Isis at Philae in the second century B.C.
One obelisk of the pair was broken into pieces in antiquity. In 1815 William John Bankes brought the remaining one to Kingston Lacy in Dorset, England, where it still stands today. The Greek and Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions on the obelisk played a role in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
In the central court of the Temple of Isis, the mammisi (birth house) is dedicated to Horus, son of Isis and Osiris. Successive pharaohs reinstated their legitimacy as the mortal descendants of Horus by taking part in rituals celebrating the Isis legend and the birth of her son Horus in the marshes. The second pylon leads to a hypostyle hall, with superb column capitals. Note also the reuse of the temple as a Christian church, with crosses carved into the older hieroglyph reliefs, and images of the Egyptian gods carefully defaced. Beyond lie three vestibules, leading into the Inner Sanctuary of Isis.
Two granite shrines stood here, one containing a gold statue of Isis and another containing the barque in which the statue travelled, but these were long ago moved to Florence and Paris, and only the stone pedestal for the barque remains, inscribed with the names of Ptolemy III and his wife, Berenice. Take a side door west out of the hypostyle hall to the Gate of Hadrian where there is an image of the god Hapi, sitting in a cave at the First Cataract, representing the source of the river Nile.
East of the second pylon is the delightful Temple of Hathor, decorated with reliefs of musicians and Bes, the god of childbirth. South of this is the elegant, unfinished pavilion by the water’s edge, known as the Kiosk of Trajan, perhaps the most famous of Philae’s monuments and one that was frequently painted by Victorian artists, whose boats were moored beneath it.
The original location of the Temple of Philae lies today submerged in the Aswan Low Dam reservior,
some 500 meters from the rebuilt site one can visit today. The entire temple complex was dismantled and moved to nearby Agilkia Island in 1977-1980, as part of the UNESCO Nubia Campaign project protecting this and other ancient complexes.
The whole complex was moved from its original location on Philae Island, to its new location on Agilkia Island, after the flooding of Lake Nasser. A major multinational Unesco team relocated Philae, and a number of other temples that now dot the shores of Lake Nasser. You can see the submerged original island a short distance away, punctuated by the steel columns used in the moving process.
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