Growth Plates Physis Epiphysis & Apophysis - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim
69.5 هزار بار بازدید -
10 سال پیش
-
Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video
Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes the difference between the physis(growth plates), epiphysis and apophysis.
The physis (growth plate or epiphyseal plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at the ends of each of the long bones. The physis is found in children and adolescents that allow the bone to grow in length and it is weaker then the ligaments. 15% of all fractures in children involve the growth plate. The majority of growth plate injuries occur in the hypertrophic zone (provisional calcification). The hypertrophic cell zone (maturation zone) ois a growth layer in which chondrocytes become enlarged, swollen and eventually die (degeneration). Calcium is eventually released and deposited (provisional calcification).
The epiphysis is a rounded end of long bone that has direct articulation with bone at the joint. Away from the joint there is another layer of cartilage called the growth plate or physis. When a fracture goes through the epiphysis, it is called a Salter Harris type III fracture. If the fracture goes through the epiphysis and the metaphysis, it is a Salter Haris type IV fracture. Both Salter Haris type III & IV fractures are intar-articular fractures that require surgery if displaced. The epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage at the joint.
An apophysis is a growing center which grows (physis) upon (apo) the mother bone. There is no direct articulation with the bone at a joint. An apophysis is a normal developmental outgrowth of a bone which arises from a separate ossification center and fuses to the mother bone later in development. It has limited growth potential. An apophysis is found where major tendons and ligaments attach to bone. The tibial tubercle apophysis for example is an insertion for the patellar tendon. An apophysis can also be the site of muscle attachment to the margin of the ilium. Occasionally the apophysis can persist and if injured it can become symptomatic. It is variable in shape and can be mistaken for a fracture. Iliac apophysis is an important sign that helps in the management of scoliosis. The stages of the iliac crest ossification is called “Risser Sign”. Risser sign is a measure of maturity. It predicts if the curve of scoliosis will get worse. Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine. The growth of the spine correlates with the ossification of the iliac apophysis across the iliac crest. It is difficult to see vertebral growth of the spine, so we rely on observation of the development of the iliac apophysis to determine vertebral growth completion to help in management of scoliosis.
Slip vertebral apophysis: the condition occurs in children and they complain of back pain usually occurring in the lower lumbar spine. The condition acts like an acute herniated disk. In children, rule out limbus vertebral fracture. Condition usually requires surgery.
Sever’s disease (calcaneal apophysitis) is inflammation of the growth plate in the calcaneus in children. It usually occurs due to overuse. The condition usually resolves by itself when growth is completed or activity is decreased.
Osgood Schlatter's lesion: painful lump or swelling on the upper part of tibia below knee cap in children and adolescents. Overuse syndrome combined with bone growth. The condition coincides with periods of growth spurts occurring more in boys. This can be confused with a fracture and the condition is self-limited .
Little Leaguer's Elbow: it is caused by a pitching motion which places stress in the elbow joint, resulting in avulsion and inflammation of the medial epicondylar apophysis. There will be pain and tenderness located on the medial side of the elbow. Treatment: rest and cessation of throwing.
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Background music provided as a free download from YouTube Audio Library.
Song Title: Every Step
The physis (growth plate or epiphyseal plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at the ends of each of the long bones. The physis is found in children and adolescents that allow the bone to grow in length and it is weaker then the ligaments. 15% of all fractures in children involve the growth plate. The majority of growth plate injuries occur in the hypertrophic zone (provisional calcification). The hypertrophic cell zone (maturation zone) ois a growth layer in which chondrocytes become enlarged, swollen and eventually die (degeneration). Calcium is eventually released and deposited (provisional calcification).
The epiphysis is a rounded end of long bone that has direct articulation with bone at the joint. Away from the joint there is another layer of cartilage called the growth plate or physis. When a fracture goes through the epiphysis, it is called a Salter Harris type III fracture. If the fracture goes through the epiphysis and the metaphysis, it is a Salter Haris type IV fracture. Both Salter Haris type III & IV fractures are intar-articular fractures that require surgery if displaced. The epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage at the joint.
An apophysis is a growing center which grows (physis) upon (apo) the mother bone. There is no direct articulation with the bone at a joint. An apophysis is a normal developmental outgrowth of a bone which arises from a separate ossification center and fuses to the mother bone later in development. It has limited growth potential. An apophysis is found where major tendons and ligaments attach to bone. The tibial tubercle apophysis for example is an insertion for the patellar tendon. An apophysis can also be the site of muscle attachment to the margin of the ilium. Occasionally the apophysis can persist and if injured it can become symptomatic. It is variable in shape and can be mistaken for a fracture. Iliac apophysis is an important sign that helps in the management of scoliosis. The stages of the iliac crest ossification is called “Risser Sign”. Risser sign is a measure of maturity. It predicts if the curve of scoliosis will get worse. Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine. The growth of the spine correlates with the ossification of the iliac apophysis across the iliac crest. It is difficult to see vertebral growth of the spine, so we rely on observation of the development of the iliac apophysis to determine vertebral growth completion to help in management of scoliosis.
Slip vertebral apophysis: the condition occurs in children and they complain of back pain usually occurring in the lower lumbar spine. The condition acts like an acute herniated disk. In children, rule out limbus vertebral fracture. Condition usually requires surgery.
Sever’s disease (calcaneal apophysitis) is inflammation of the growth plate in the calcaneus in children. It usually occurs due to overuse. The condition usually resolves by itself when growth is completed or activity is decreased.
Osgood Schlatter's lesion: painful lump or swelling on the upper part of tibia below knee cap in children and adolescents. Overuse syndrome combined with bone growth. The condition coincides with periods of growth spurts occurring more in boys. This can be confused with a fracture and the condition is self-limited .
Little Leaguer's Elbow: it is caused by a pitching motion which places stress in the elbow joint, resulting in avulsion and inflammation of the medial epicondylar apophysis. There will be pain and tenderness located on the medial side of the elbow. Treatment: rest and cessation of throwing.
Become a friend on facebook:
Facebook: drebraheim
Follow me on twitter:
https://twitter.com/#!/DrEbraheim_UTMC
Background music provided as a free download from YouTube Audio Library.
Song Title: Every Step
10 سال پیش
در تاریخ 1393/04/04 منتشر شده
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