Limitations of XRD Analysis
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X-ray diffraction (XRD)
This video
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
This video explains the differences between XRD pattern for Amorphous materials and for Nanocrystalline materials
The XRD pattern for amorphous materials is exactly equivalent to the XRD pattern for crystalline materials having impurities. Similarly, crystalline nanomaterials having size less than 5 nm also produce the same XRD pattern. So how the XRD pattern reveal that the characterized materials is amorphous or nanocrystalline or having defects?
More precisely, Amorphous XRD = nanocrystalline XRD
X-rays diffraction is powerful characterization technique for identifying crystalline phases in a powder sample as 95% solid materials are crystalline in nature.
The amorphous materials do not produce visible and sharp XRD peaks due to the random orientation of atoms or unit cells.
If the XRD pattern contains impurity or amorphous component, in addition to the nanocrystalline component. The XRD pattern would be difficult to distinguish with the sample only containing nanocrystalline materials.
As the amorphous materials and the nanoparticles of size less than 2 nm show the same XRD pattern.
Recommendations:
Additional characterization techniques are therefore required to reveal whether the sample is free from impurities or there are no amorphous impurities in the sample.
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