Swaminathan Commission on MSP | Kisan Aandolan | UPSC | Drishti IAS

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The first of the 12 demands made by protesting Punjab farmers in their email sent to the government on February 6 was for a law to guarantee the procurement of all crops for all farmers at MSP, and for the determination of crop prices as per the recommendations of the Dr Swaminathan Commission. Agricultural scientist M S Swaminathan, who was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna this month, played a major role in the changes in Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 70s that helped India achieve food security. On November 18, 2004, the Ministry of Agriculture constituted a National Commission on Farmers (NCF) under Prof Swaminathan. Between December 2004 and October 2006, the NCF submitted five reports running into a total 1,946 pages. The reports were deeply sympathetic to farmers, and made several recommendations, including at least two on minimum support prices. However, the Swaminathan Commission did not recommend either a legal guarantee for MSP or the formula for its calculation that the farmers’ unions are now demanding. A chapter in the report, titled ‘A New Deal for Women in Agriculture’, underlined the “need…to ensure that working women have the needed support services and have access to timely credit and extension services. The report also suggested that Farm Schools should be established in the fields of innovative farmers, in order to spread their message and methods. “Promoting 50,000 Farm Schools across the country will require an investment of Rs 150 crore,” it estimated.
The report suggested establishing a grain bank and community food and fodder banks, promoting insurance, and setting up a national network of advanced soil testing labs. second report of the NCF was titled ‘From Crisis to Confidence’. It recommended a code of conduct for contract farming, and advocated amendments in the state APMC Acts and the Essential Commodities Act. In a sense, its recommendations were pro-market reforms-oriented. In fact, the three farm laws introduced by the Modi government in 2020, and repealed under pressure from the protesting farmers, were on the lines of these recommendations of the Swaminathan Commission.The Swaminathan Commission did not recommend the fixing of MSP based on C2 (actual cost of production) plus 50 per cent, as demanded by the protesting farmers. In its second report, the NCF made just two recommendations relating to MSP.The Abhijit Sen Committee had said: “In recommending MSPs, which should apply on Fair Average Quality [FAQ] grain, the CACP should go strictly on the basis of C2 cost of production (i.e., all costs including imputed costs of family labour, owned capital and rental on land) in more efficient regions… The CACP should also indicate its estimates of A2 + FL costs (i.e., costs actually paid plus imputed value of family value labour) for relatively high cost regions.But this recommendation did not find mention in the recommendations of the Swaminathan Commission.

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