Polarisation and surface charge: why does σ = P⋅n?

Introducing the polarisation vector in dielectric materials and understanding the relationship between polarisation and surface charge density.

About me: I studied Physics at the University of Cambridge, then stayed on to get a PhD in Astronomy. During my PhD, I also spent four years teaching Physics undergraduates at the university. Now, I'm working as a private tutor, teaching Physics & Maths up to A Level standard.

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