Sultan Aibak Ep11| Greatest Victory of Sultan Shahab ud Din Ghori in India in Terms of Treasure
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In this video you will
In this video you will know about Conquest of Bengal by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji & Greatest Victory of Sultan Shahab ud Din Ghori in India in Terms of Treasure.
Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī,[2] (Pashto :اختيار الدين محمد بختيار غلزۍ, Persian: اختیارالدین محمد بختیار خلجی, Bengali: ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন মুহম্মদ বখতিয়ার খলজী) also known as Bakhtiyar Khalji,[3][4] was a Turko-Afghan[5][6] military general of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor,[7] who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and Bihar and established himself as their ruler.[8][9][10][11] He was the founder of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, which ruled Bengal for a short period, from 1203 to 1227 CE.
Khalji's invasions of the Indian subcontinent between A.D. 1197 and 1206 led to mass flight and massacres of Buddhist monks, and caused grave damage to the traditional Buddhist institutions of higher learning in Northern India.[12] In Bengal, Khalji's reign was responsible for displacement of Buddhism by Islam.[13][14] His rule is said to have begun the Islamic rule in Bengal, most notably those of Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal.[15]
Bakhtiyar launched an ill-fated Tibet campaign in 1206 and was assassinated upon returning to Bengal by Ali Mardan.[16][17] He was succeeded by Muhammad Shiran Khalji.
Khalji was head of the Ghurid Empire military force that conquered parts of eastern India at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century.[29]
Bengal coinage of Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, dated Samvat 1262 (1204 CE).
Obverse: Horseman with Nagari legend around: samvat 1262 bhadrapada "August, year 1262". Reverse: Nagari legend: srima ha/ mira mahama /da saamah "Lord Emir Mohammed [ibn] Sam".[30][31]
Another type of Bengal coinage of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji as governor (1204–1206 CE). Obverse: horseman galloping, holding lance with Devanagari legend around (śrimat mahamada samah "Lord Mohammed [ibn] Sam"). Reverse: name and titles of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam in Arabic. Struck AD 1204–1205.[30] This is his earliest coinage in Bengal, using both Sanskrit and Arabic legends.[32]
He subjugated Bihar in 1200.[33] His invasions severely damaged the Buddhist establishments at Odantapuri, Vikramashila. Minhaj-i-Siraj Juzjani's Tabaqat-i Nasiri documents Bakhtiyar Khalji's sack of a Buddhist monastery,[12] which the author equates in his description with a city he calls "Bihar", from the soldiers' use of the word vihara.[34] According to the early 17th-century Buddhist scholar Taranatha, the invaders massacred many monks at Odantapuri, and destroyed Vikramashila.[34]
In 1203, Khalji took his forces into Bengal. With the octogenarian emperor Lakshmana Sena at the helm, Sena dynasty was in a state of decline, and could not provide much resistance. As Khalji came upon the city of Nabadwip, it is said that he advanced so rapidly that only 18 horsemen from his army could keep up.[35] The small horde entered the city unchallenged and took the emperor and his army by shock .[36][37] This caused Lakhsmana Sena to flee with his retainers to east Bengal.[38][39][40] Khalji subsequently went on to capture Gauda (ancient Lakhnauti), the capital and the principal city of Bengal[41] and intruded into much of Bengal.[42]
Muhammad Bakhtiyar's rule was related by Minhaj al-Siraj, as he visited Bengal about 40 years later:[43]
After Muhammad Bakhtiyar possessed himself of that territory he left the city of Nudiah in desolation, and the place which is (now) Lakhnauti he made the seat of government. He brought the different parts of the territory under his sway, and instituted therein, in every part, the reading of the khutbah, and the coining of money; and, through his praiseworthy endeavours, and those of his Amirs, masjids [mosques], colleges, and monasteries (for Dervishes), were founded in those parts.
— Account of the conquest of Bengal, Minhaj al-Siraj.
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Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī,[2] (Pashto :اختيار الدين محمد بختيار غلزۍ, Persian: اختیارالدین محمد بختیار خلجی, Bengali: ইখতিয়ারউদ্দীন মুহম্মদ বখতিয়ার খলজী) also known as Bakhtiyar Khalji,[3][4] was a Turko-Afghan[5][6] military general of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor,[7] who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and Bihar and established himself as their ruler.[8][9][10][11] He was the founder of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, which ruled Bengal for a short period, from 1203 to 1227 CE.
Khalji's invasions of the Indian subcontinent between A.D. 1197 and 1206 led to mass flight and massacres of Buddhist monks, and caused grave damage to the traditional Buddhist institutions of higher learning in Northern India.[12] In Bengal, Khalji's reign was responsible for displacement of Buddhism by Islam.[13][14] His rule is said to have begun the Islamic rule in Bengal, most notably those of Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal.[15]
Bakhtiyar launched an ill-fated Tibet campaign in 1206 and was assassinated upon returning to Bengal by Ali Mardan.[16][17] He was succeeded by Muhammad Shiran Khalji.
Khalji was head of the Ghurid Empire military force that conquered parts of eastern India at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century.[29]
Bengal coinage of Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, dated Samvat 1262 (1204 CE).
Obverse: Horseman with Nagari legend around: samvat 1262 bhadrapada "August, year 1262". Reverse: Nagari legend: srima ha/ mira mahama /da saamah "Lord Emir Mohammed [ibn] Sam".[30][31]
Another type of Bengal coinage of Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji as governor (1204–1206 CE). Obverse: horseman galloping, holding lance with Devanagari legend around (śrimat mahamada samah "Lord Mohammed [ibn] Sam"). Reverse: name and titles of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad bin Sam in Arabic. Struck AD 1204–1205.[30] This is his earliest coinage in Bengal, using both Sanskrit and Arabic legends.[32]
He subjugated Bihar in 1200.[33] His invasions severely damaged the Buddhist establishments at Odantapuri, Vikramashila. Minhaj-i-Siraj Juzjani's Tabaqat-i Nasiri documents Bakhtiyar Khalji's sack of a Buddhist monastery,[12] which the author equates in his description with a city he calls "Bihar", from the soldiers' use of the word vihara.[34] According to the early 17th-century Buddhist scholar Taranatha, the invaders massacred many monks at Odantapuri, and destroyed Vikramashila.[34]
In 1203, Khalji took his forces into Bengal. With the octogenarian emperor Lakshmana Sena at the helm, Sena dynasty was in a state of decline, and could not provide much resistance. As Khalji came upon the city of Nabadwip, it is said that he advanced so rapidly that only 18 horsemen from his army could keep up.[35] The small horde entered the city unchallenged and took the emperor and his army by shock .[36][37] This caused Lakhsmana Sena to flee with his retainers to east Bengal.[38][39][40] Khalji subsequently went on to capture Gauda (ancient Lakhnauti), the capital and the principal city of Bengal[41] and intruded into much of Bengal.[42]
Muhammad Bakhtiyar's rule was related by Minhaj al-Siraj, as he visited Bengal about 40 years later:[43]
After Muhammad Bakhtiyar possessed himself of that territory he left the city of Nudiah in desolation, and the place which is (now) Lakhnauti he made the seat of government. He brought the different parts of the territory under his sway, and instituted therein, in every part, the reading of the khutbah, and the coining of money; and, through his praiseworthy endeavours, and those of his Amirs, masjids [mosques], colleges, and monasteries (for Dervishes), were founded in those parts.
— Account of the conquest of Bengal, Minhaj al-Siraj.
#SultanAibak
#Qutbuddinaibak
#sultanghori
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