Power Sharing class 10 cbse Full Chapter Explanation

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power sharing class 10 cbse
Belgium is a small European country. Brussels is the capital of this country. The ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex. In Belgium people speak mainly three languages—Dutch (59 percent), French (40 percent) and German (1
percent). In Brussels, the Dutch-speaking people are in a minority which is the opposite of the rest of the country, where
they are in a majority.
Sri Lanka is an island country. It has a diverse population.
In Sri Lanka, 74 percent people speak Sinhala and 18 percent people
speak Tamil. In Sri Lanka, there are four religions:
 l Buddhism  l Islam
 l Hinduism l Christianity
In 1956, an act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language of Sri Lanka, thus disregarding Tamil.
The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority
and thus, the democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala
supremacy.
It followed majoritarianism.
By 1980s several political organizations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern
and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
The distrust between the two communities turned into wide spread conflict which resulted into a
The Bel leaders worked out to make an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the
same country, which is very innovative.
The Constitution of Belgium prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal
in the Central Government. The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government called the ‘Community
Government’.
Power sharing is desirable because :
 l It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
 l It is the very spirit of democracy.
In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms :
 l Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
 l Power can be shared among governments at different levels – a general government for the entire country
and governments at the provincial or regional level.
 l Power may also be shared among different social groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups.
 l Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements
control or influence those in power.

State the main elements of the power sharing model evolved in Belgium?
Ans. The main elements of the power-sharing model
evolved in Belgium were :
(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch
and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require
the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can
make decisions unilaterally.
(ii) Many powers of the Central Government have
been given to State Governments of the two
regions of the country. The State Governments are not subordinated to the Central Government.
(iii) Brussels had a separate government in which
both the communities have equal representation.
The French-speaking people accepted equal
representation in Brussels because the Dutch- speaking community has accepted equal
representation in the Central Government.
(iv) Apart from the central and the state government,
there is a third kind of government called the
Community Government.
(v) This community government is elected by people
belonging to one language community—Dutch,
French and German speaking. This government
has the power regarding cultural, educational and
language related issues