The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome, Italy
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12 سال پیش
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The Colosseum, (the Flavian Amphitheatre)
The Colosseum, (the Flavian Amphitheatre) is one of Rome's most famous buildings and enduring monuments to the culture of the ancient Romans. Construction was initiated by the Emperor Vespasian around 72 AD. His son Titus reigned over its completion and the official opening ceremonies, about 8 years later, in 80 AD. It was built near the site of Nero's Domus Aurea, "Golden House." This is significant in that his successor, Vespasian, wanted to erase the memory of Nero's extravagant reign from the minds of Romans. It got its popular name, the Colosseum, because of Nero's colossus (120 ft. high) statue of himself, which was nearby.
The huge theater was originally built encompassing four floors. The first three had arched entrances, while the fourth floor utilized rectangular doorways. The floors each measured between 10,5-13,9 meters (32-42 feet) in height. The total height of the construction was approximately 48 meters (144 feet). The arena measured 79 x 45 meters (237-135 feet), and consisted of wood and sand. (The word "arena" is derived from the Latin arena, which means "sand.") Nets along the sides protected the audience.
The Colosseum had a total spectator capacity of 45,000-55,000. The Amphitheater is was built of travertine outside, and of tufa and brick in the interior. The main pedestals were built of marble blocks weighing 5 metric tons (11,000 pounds.) Initially, the huge marble blocks were held together by metal-pins. However, the pins were soon carried off by thieves, and had to be replaced by mortar. The total amount of marble needed for the construction measured approximately 100,000 cubic meters. It was carried by 200 ox-pulled carts, which supplied a sufficient flow of needed materials.
There were no less fewer than 76 numbered entrances and 4 additional entrances reserved for the Emperor, other VIP's, and the gladiators. The Colosseum was designed for easy crowd dispersal; the entire audience could exit the building in five minutes. The interior was divided into three parts: the arena, the podium, and the cavea. Now, more than two-thirds of the original building has been removed and the rows of the seats in the cavea are missing. It is very similar to other amphitheaters, except this one that it is much bigger.
The audience, upon entering, climbed sloping ramps to their seats, according to gender and social class. Obviously, the higher one's social status, the better their seating arrangement would be. For example, women (excepting spouses and perhaps imperial family) and the poor stood or sat on wooden benches in the fourth tier. For inclement or very hot weather conditions, an enormous, colored awning (velarium) could be stretched overhead to protect the crowd.
A wooden floor covered subterranean chambers where the gladiators and animals were kept waiting to perform. There is some debate over the idea that the Colosseum was occasionally flooded for mock naval battles. There were canals in place that could have been used for this purpose, but the brick used in construction was not the same type of material that they normally used in to build water-resistant materials structures.
The Colosseum was the Empire's primary stage for gladiatorial combat for nearly 4 centuries. In a show of Rome's wealth and extravagance, during the opening ceremonies in 80 AD, 100 days of the games were held.
Music:
By Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons "Attribution 3.0" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b..."
"Controlled Chaos - no percussion" ISRC: US-UAN-11-00446
Coliseum Colosseo Colisée Coliseo Coliseu Колизей амфитеатр Флавиев Kolosseum
斗兽场的看台用三层混凝土制的筒形拱上，每层80个拱，形成三圈不同高度的环形券廊（即拱券支撑起来的走廊），最上层则是50米高的实墙。看台逐层向后退，形成阶梯式坡度。每层的80个拱形成了80个开口，最上面两层则有80个窗洞，观众们入场时就按照自己座位的编号，首先找到自己应从哪个底层拱门入场，然后再沿着楼梯找到自己所在的区域，最后找到自己的位子。整个斗兽场最多可容纳9万人，却因入场设计周到而不会出现拥堵混乱，这种入场的设计即使是今天的大型体育场依然沿用。 斗兽场表演区地底下隐藏着很多洞口和管道，这里可以储存道具和牲畜，以及角斗士，表演开始时再将他们吊起到地面上。斗兽场甚至可以利用输水道引水。公元248年在斗兽场就曾这样将水引入表演区，形成一个湖，表演海战的场面，来庆祝罗马建成1000年。
The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome, Italy
The huge theater was originally built encompassing four floors. The first three had arched entrances, while the fourth floor utilized rectangular doorways. The floors each measured between 10,5-13,9 meters (32-42 feet) in height. The total height of the construction was approximately 48 meters (144 feet). The arena measured 79 x 45 meters (237-135 feet), and consisted of wood and sand. (The word "arena" is derived from the Latin arena, which means "sand.") Nets along the sides protected the audience.
The Colosseum had a total spectator capacity of 45,000-55,000. The Amphitheater is was built of travertine outside, and of tufa and brick in the interior. The main pedestals were built of marble blocks weighing 5 metric tons (11,000 pounds.) Initially, the huge marble blocks were held together by metal-pins. However, the pins were soon carried off by thieves, and had to be replaced by mortar. The total amount of marble needed for the construction measured approximately 100,000 cubic meters. It was carried by 200 ox-pulled carts, which supplied a sufficient flow of needed materials.
There were no less fewer than 76 numbered entrances and 4 additional entrances reserved for the Emperor, other VIP's, and the gladiators. The Colosseum was designed for easy crowd dispersal; the entire audience could exit the building in five minutes. The interior was divided into three parts: the arena, the podium, and the cavea. Now, more than two-thirds of the original building has been removed and the rows of the seats in the cavea are missing. It is very similar to other amphitheaters, except this one that it is much bigger.
The audience, upon entering, climbed sloping ramps to their seats, according to gender and social class. Obviously, the higher one's social status, the better their seating arrangement would be. For example, women (excepting spouses and perhaps imperial family) and the poor stood or sat on wooden benches in the fourth tier. For inclement or very hot weather conditions, an enormous, colored awning (velarium) could be stretched overhead to protect the crowd.
A wooden floor covered subterranean chambers where the gladiators and animals were kept waiting to perform. There is some debate over the idea that the Colosseum was occasionally flooded for mock naval battles. There were canals in place that could have been used for this purpose, but the brick used in construction was not the same type of material that they normally used in to build water-resistant materials structures.
The Colosseum was the Empire's primary stage for gladiatorial combat for nearly 4 centuries. In a show of Rome's wealth and extravagance, during the opening ceremonies in 80 AD, 100 days of the games were held.
Music:
By Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons "Attribution 3.0" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b..."
"Controlled Chaos - no percussion" ISRC: US-UAN-11-00446
Coliseum Colosseo Colisée Coliseo Coliseu Колизей амфитеатр Флавиев Kolosseum
斗兽场的看台用三层混凝土制的筒形拱上，每层80个拱，形成三圈不同高度的环形券廊（即拱券支撑起来的走廊），最上层则是50米高的实墙。看台逐层向后退，形成阶梯式坡度。每层的80个拱形成了80个开口，最上面两层则有80个窗洞，观众们入场时就按照自己座位的编号，首先找到自己应从哪个底层拱门入场，然后再沿着楼梯找到自己所在的区域，最后找到自己的位子。整个斗兽场最多可容纳9万人，却因入场设计周到而不会出现拥堵混乱，这种入场的设计即使是今天的大型体育场依然沿用。 斗兽场表演区地底下隐藏着很多洞口和管道，这里可以储存道具和牲畜，以及角斗士，表演开始时再将他们吊起到地面上。斗兽场甚至可以利用输水道引水。公元248年在斗兽场就曾这样将水引入表演区，形成一个湖，表演海战的场面，来庆祝罗马建成1000年。
The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome, Italy
12 سال پیش
در تاریخ 1391/08/23 منتشر شده
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