Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj (2nd's) Temple in Panhala Fort | History of Kolhapur | Maharani Tarabai
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This historic temple in Panhala
This historic temple in Panhala Fort near Kolhapur, is one of the most unique temples in Maharashtra. This temple is not dedicated to any Hindu god, but to a Maratha ruler, Chhatrapati Sambhaji 2nd of Kolhapur. Due to its name, many erroneously believe that this is a temple dedicated to the famous Maratha hero Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj , who was cruelly put to death on orders of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689 CE. But this Chhatrapati is different. Chhatrapati Sambhaji 2nd of Kolhapur, better known as ‘Karveer Sambhaji’ , was the second son of Chhatrapati Rajaram , the younger son of Chhatrapati Shivaji and nephew of the famous Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj. Sambhaji the 2nd ruled Kolhapur between 1712 and 1760 CE.
The famous Panhala Fort, located just 20 from Kolhapur city, was one of the most important forts in the Maratha Kingdom, as it dominated the strategic trade routes to Konkan and South India. In 1689 CE, Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj’s younger son Chhatrapati Sambhaji maharaj was put to death on orders of Emperor Aurangzeb. Raigad was captured by the Mughal army and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj’s son Shahu taken as a prisoner to Delhi with his mother Yesubai. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s younger son, Rajaram along with his wives Tarabai and Rajasbai escapted to Panhala, and later to Gingee. During his absence, the Maratha kingdom was ruled by his minister Ramchandra Pant Amatya , famous as ‘Hukumat Panah’, whose Samadhi lies just opposite the temple of Sambhaji the 2nd at Panhala.
While Rajaram returned to Maharashtra and died soon after in 1700 CE, the reigns of the administration was taken up by his elder Queen Tarabai on behalf of her son Shivaji 2nd. Tarabai who was famous for her wars with the Mughals, kept Rajaram’s younger queen Rajasbai and her son Sambhaji the 2nd as prisoners in Panhala fort. But the powerful and ambitious Tarabai had made a lot of enemies in the Maratha court, and one day in 1714, a palace coup took place at Panhala. Tarabai and her son Shivaji 2nd were deposed from power and Sambhaji the 2nd came on Kolhapur’s throne. Unlike his step brother , Sambhaji 2nd of Kolhapur was an extremely powerful and ambitious ruler.
During this time, the Marathas had been involved in a bitter Civil war, with one side supporting Sambhaji 2nd of Kolhapur and the other side supporting his cousin, Shahu of Satara. A lot of battles took place between the two sides but the war was inconclusive. While Shahu had Peshwa Bajirao I, the great General in India at the time, on his side, Sambhaji the 2nd formed an alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad. After years and years of bloodshed, the two cousins decided to end their war by signing the ‘Treaty of Warna’ in 1731 as per which anything north of Warna river belonged to Shahu, while lands to its south belong to Sambhaji the 2nd. This led to the formation of the princely state of Kolhaour, and interestingly, even today, the boundary of Kolhapur district begins at Warna river.
Following the treaty, Sambhaji 2nd ruled his kingdom peacefully till his demise in 1760. After his death, this unique temple was built on the place where he was cremated. Built in traditional Maratha style, the temple is made of black basalt. Even today, Sambhaji 2nd is worshipped here as deity, quiet a unique tradition.
Sadly, most visitors to Panhala give this temple a miss, preferring to visit more popular attractions like the famous Teen Darwaza and the Andhhar Bavdi. It is hoped, that this unique and historic temple is given its due as well.
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The famous Panhala Fort, located just 20 from Kolhapur city, was one of the most important forts in the Maratha Kingdom, as it dominated the strategic trade routes to Konkan and South India. In 1689 CE, Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj’s younger son Chhatrapati Sambhaji maharaj was put to death on orders of Emperor Aurangzeb. Raigad was captured by the Mughal army and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj’s son Shahu taken as a prisoner to Delhi with his mother Yesubai. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s younger son, Rajaram along with his wives Tarabai and Rajasbai escapted to Panhala, and later to Gingee. During his absence, the Maratha kingdom was ruled by his minister Ramchandra Pant Amatya , famous as ‘Hukumat Panah’, whose Samadhi lies just opposite the temple of Sambhaji the 2nd at Panhala.
While Rajaram returned to Maharashtra and died soon after in 1700 CE, the reigns of the administration was taken up by his elder Queen Tarabai on behalf of her son Shivaji 2nd. Tarabai who was famous for her wars with the Mughals, kept Rajaram’s younger queen Rajasbai and her son Sambhaji the 2nd as prisoners in Panhala fort. But the powerful and ambitious Tarabai had made a lot of enemies in the Maratha court, and one day in 1714, a palace coup took place at Panhala. Tarabai and her son Shivaji 2nd were deposed from power and Sambhaji the 2nd came on Kolhapur’s throne. Unlike his step brother , Sambhaji 2nd of Kolhapur was an extremely powerful and ambitious ruler.
During this time, the Marathas had been involved in a bitter Civil war, with one side supporting Sambhaji 2nd of Kolhapur and the other side supporting his cousin, Shahu of Satara. A lot of battles took place between the two sides but the war was inconclusive. While Shahu had Peshwa Bajirao I, the great General in India at the time, on his side, Sambhaji the 2nd formed an alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad. After years and years of bloodshed, the two cousins decided to end their war by signing the ‘Treaty of Warna’ in 1731 as per which anything north of Warna river belonged to Shahu, while lands to its south belong to Sambhaji the 2nd. This led to the formation of the princely state of Kolhaour, and interestingly, even today, the boundary of Kolhapur district begins at Warna river.
Following the treaty, Sambhaji 2nd ruled his kingdom peacefully till his demise in 1760. After his death, this unique temple was built on the place where he was cremated. Built in traditional Maratha style, the temple is made of black basalt. Even today, Sambhaji 2nd is worshipped here as deity, quiet a unique tradition.
Sadly, most visitors to Panhala give this temple a miss, preferring to visit more popular attractions like the famous Teen Darwaza and the Andhhar Bavdi. It is hoped, that this unique and historic temple is given its due as well.
Please subscribe to the channel and leave a comment below!
===============
Join us at https://www.livehistoryindia.com to rediscover stories that are deeply rooted in our history and culture.
Also, follow us on -
Twitter: Twitter: LiveHIndia
Facebook: Facebook: LIveHistoryIndia
Instagram: Instagram: LiveHistoryIndia
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