Blood groups and Blood compatibility
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14 سال پیش
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Blood Groups
A total of 30 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).[2] A complete blood type would describe a full set of 30 substances on the surface of RBCs, and an individual's blood type is one of the many possible combinations of blood-group antigens. Across the 30 blood groups, over 600 different blood-group antigens have been found, but many of these are very rare or are mainly found in certain ethnic groups.
Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease. An example of this rare phenomenon is the case of Demi-Lee Brennan, an Australian citizen, whose blood group changed after a liver transplant.[9][10] Another more common cause in blood-type change is a bone marrow transplant. Bone-marrow transplants are performed for many leukemias and lymphomas, among other diseases. If a person receives bone marrow from someone who is a different ABO type (e.g., a type A patient receives a type O bone marrow), the patient's blood type will eventually convert to the donor's type.
Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other diseases; for example, the Kell antigen is sometimes associated with McLeod syndrome.Certain blood types may affect susceptibility to infections, an example being the resistance to specific malaria species seen in individuals lacking the Duffy antigen.The Duffy antigen, presumably as a result of natural selection, is less common in ethnic groups from areas with a high incidence of malaria
Blood compatibility:There are many types of blood; however, the most important ones are ABO and Rhesus factor. While a person is said to be Rh +ve or Rh ve based on the presence or absence of the Rhesus factor respectively, the ABO grouping has four types of blood, namely A, B, AB, and O, depending upon the absence or presence of Anti-A and/or Anti-B antibodies. Thus, a person whose blood group is O Rh ve can donate blood to practically anyone in an emergency and is hence known as a universal donor, whereas someone who is AB Rh +ve can receive blood from anyone and is therefore called a universal recipient. This information is vital in order to prevent adverse reactions due to incompatible blood transfusions.
Rh incompatibility occurs during pregnancy when the mother is Rh ve and the fetus is Rh +ve. Usually, the first pregnancy goes unaffected unless mixing of maternal and fetal blood takes place. Subsequent pregnancies can definitely more risky with higher levels of complications in the fetus and even intrauterine death.
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Blood Groups
A total of 30 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).[2] A complete blood type would describe a full set of 30 substances on the surface of RBCs, and an individual's blood type is one of the many possible combinations of blood-group antigens. Across the 30 blood groups, over 600 different blood-group antigens have been found, but many of these are very rare or are mainly found in certain ethnic groups.
Almost always, an individual has the same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes through addition or suppression of an antigen in infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease. An example of this rare phenomenon is the case of Demi-Lee Brennan, an Australian citizen, whose blood group changed after a liver transplant.[9][10] Another more common cause in blood-type change is a bone marrow transplant. Bone-marrow transplants are performed for many leukemias and lymphomas, among other diseases. If a person receives bone marrow from someone who is a different ABO type (e.g., a type A patient receives a type O bone marrow), the patient's blood type will eventually convert to the donor's type.
Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other diseases; for example, the Kell antigen is sometimes associated with McLeod syndrome.Certain blood types may affect susceptibility to infections, an example being the resistance to specific malaria species seen in individuals lacking the Duffy antigen.The Duffy antigen, presumably as a result of natural selection, is less common in ethnic groups from areas with a high incidence of malaria
Blood compatibility:There are many types of blood; however, the most important ones are ABO and Rhesus factor. While a person is said to be Rh +ve or Rh ve based on the presence or absence of the Rhesus factor respectively, the ABO grouping has four types of blood, namely A, B, AB, and O, depending upon the absence or presence of Anti-A and/or Anti-B antibodies. Thus, a person whose blood group is O Rh ve can donate blood to practically anyone in an emergency and is hence known as a universal donor, whereas someone who is AB Rh +ve can receive blood from anyone and is therefore called a universal recipient. This information is vital in order to prevent adverse reactions due to incompatible blood transfusions.
Rh incompatibility occurs during pregnancy when the mother is Rh ve and the fetus is Rh +ve. Usually, the first pregnancy goes unaffected unless mixing of maternal and fetal blood takes place. Subsequent pregnancies can definitely more risky with higher levels of complications in the fetus and even intrauterine death.
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14 سال پیش
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