Specific Learning Disorder [Developmental Learning Disorder] Learning Disorder [ Part 1 ] SLD
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Specific Learning Disorder [Developmental Learning
Specific Learning Disorder [Developmental Learning Disorder] Learning Disorder [ Part 1 ] SLD
Specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that are typically diagnosed in early school-aged children, although may not be recognized until adulthood.
Specific Learning Disability interferes with the normal learning process of the person. The term does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantage.
They are characterized by a persistent impairment in at least one of three major areas:
- reading,
- written expression, and/or
- math.
An estimated five to 15% of school-age children struggle with a learning disability. In India the prevalence of Specific Learning Disorder varies from 8-10% of the population.
An estimated 80% of those with learning disorders have an impairment in reading in particular (commonly referred to as dyslexia).
There is a high comorbidity of specific learning disorder with other neurodevelopmental disorders (such as ADHD) as well as anxiety.
Learning disorders are often noticed for the first time when a child is in preschool or elementary school. Specific signs are different depending on what the child has trouble with.
Signs and symptoms include:
Struggling to:
— Read
— Write
— Rhyme
— Oral expression
— Listening comprehension
— Written expression
— Basic reading skill
— Reading fluency skills
— Reading comprehension
— Mathematics calculation or problem solving
— Put sounds in the right order
— Talking later than other children
— Trouble remembering words
— Having trouble sounding out words they don’t know
— Trouble doing math problems
— Difficulty understanding the logic behind math problems
— Confusing basic symbols such as “+” and “-”
— Making many small mistakes in math problems, like being off by one
Some children with a learning disorder can use these skills when a teacher is guiding them, but then they have trouble when they are on their own.
Children having SLD have been found to be suffering from various psychiatric comorbidities. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common comorbid condition with SLD followed by anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and language disorder. Many children with SLD can experience low self-esteem, lack of confidence, low expectations for themselves, and poor peer relationship because of their poor learning skills. Studies from India have also reported various clinical problems associated with SLD, such as problem with developmental history, behavioral problems, neurotic traits, lower self-esteem, poor social competence, and high-state anxiety, that make management of SLD difficult.
Outcomes for individuals with learning disorders vary depending on the extent of the difficulty as well as how it is treated. Research shows that, if untreated, a person with a learning disorder can experience a range of negative outcomes including academic failure, the development of disruptive behaviours at school, increased likelihood of school drop-out, unemployment, social difficulties, low self-esteem and depression.
However, with the right type of help and support many people can overcome their difficulties to the extent that they can go on to lead happy and successful lives.
It is important when seeking treatment options, to consider only those interventions that are proven to be effective.
Specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that are typically diagnosed in early school-aged children, although may not be recognized until adulthood.
Specific Learning Disability interferes with the normal learning process of the person. The term does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantage.
They are characterized by a persistent impairment in at least one of three major areas:
- reading,
- written expression, and/or
- math.
An estimated five to 15% of school-age children struggle with a learning disability. In India the prevalence of Specific Learning Disorder varies from 8-10% of the population.
An estimated 80% of those with learning disorders have an impairment in reading in particular (commonly referred to as dyslexia).
There is a high comorbidity of specific learning disorder with other neurodevelopmental disorders (such as ADHD) as well as anxiety.
Learning disorders are often noticed for the first time when a child is in preschool or elementary school. Specific signs are different depending on what the child has trouble with.
Signs and symptoms include:
Struggling to:
— Read
— Write
— Rhyme
— Oral expression
— Listening comprehension
— Written expression
— Basic reading skill
— Reading fluency skills
— Reading comprehension
— Mathematics calculation or problem solving
— Put sounds in the right order
— Talking later than other children
— Trouble remembering words
— Having trouble sounding out words they don’t know
— Trouble doing math problems
— Difficulty understanding the logic behind math problems
— Confusing basic symbols such as “+” and “-”
— Making many small mistakes in math problems, like being off by one
Some children with a learning disorder can use these skills when a teacher is guiding them, but then they have trouble when they are on their own.
Children having SLD have been found to be suffering from various psychiatric comorbidities. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common comorbid condition with SLD followed by anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and language disorder. Many children with SLD can experience low self-esteem, lack of confidence, low expectations for themselves, and poor peer relationship because of their poor learning skills. Studies from India have also reported various clinical problems associated with SLD, such as problem with developmental history, behavioral problems, neurotic traits, lower self-esteem, poor social competence, and high-state anxiety, that make management of SLD difficult.
Outcomes for individuals with learning disorders vary depending on the extent of the difficulty as well as how it is treated. Research shows that, if untreated, a person with a learning disorder can experience a range of negative outcomes including academic failure, the development of disruptive behaviours at school, increased likelihood of school drop-out, unemployment, social difficulties, low self-esteem and depression.
However, with the right type of help and support many people can overcome their difficulties to the extent that they can go on to lead happy and successful lives.
It is important when seeking treatment options, to consider only those interventions that are proven to be effective.
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