Renal Physiology Part 2: Structure & function of Nephron, Nephron parts & Glomerular filtration rate
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Renal Physiology Part 2: Structure & function of Nephron, Nephron parts & Glomerular filtration rate
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering the blood, reabsorbing useful substances, and eliminating waste products. There are approximately one million nephrons in each human kidney.
The nephron consists of several distinct parts, each with its own specific function:
Renal corpuscle: This is the site of filtration, where blood is filtered to produce urine. It consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): This is where most of the reabsorption of filtered substances occurs, such as glucose, amino acids, and ions.
Loop of Henle: This is divided into the descending and ascending limbs. The loop of Henle plays a critical role in regulating the concentration of urine by creating a concentration gradient in the medulla.
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): This is responsible for fine-tuning the reabsorption of ions and water, as well as secretion of certain waste products.
Collecting duct: This is where the urine is concentrated as it moves towards the renal pelvis and ultimately the bladder.
The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers: the endothelial layer of the glomerular capillaries, the basement membrane, and the podocyte layer of the Bowman's capsule. This filtration barrier allows small molecules, such as water, electrolytes, and waste products, to pass through into the Bowman's capsule while preventing larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells from passing through.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the rate at which blood is filtered through the glomerulus, measured in milliliters per minute. It is determined by the balance between the pressure forcing fluid out of the capillaries and the pressure opposing it, known as the net filtration pressure. The GFR is an important indicator of kidney function, as a decrease in GFR can be a sign of kidney disease.
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Renal Physiology Part 2: Structure & function of Nephron, Nephron parts & Glomerular filtration rate
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering the blood, reabsorbing useful substances, and eliminating waste products. There are approximately one million nephrons in each human kidney.
The nephron consists of several distinct parts, each with its own specific function:
Renal corpuscle: This is the site of filtration, where blood is filtered to produce urine. It consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): This is where most of the reabsorption of filtered substances occurs, such as glucose, amino acids, and ions.
Loop of Henle: This is divided into the descending and ascending limbs. The loop of Henle plays a critical role in regulating the concentration of urine by creating a concentration gradient in the medulla.
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): This is responsible for fine-tuning the reabsorption of ions and water, as well as secretion of certain waste products.
Collecting duct: This is where the urine is concentrated as it moves towards the renal pelvis and ultimately the bladder.
The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers: the endothelial layer of the glomerular capillaries, the basement membrane, and the podocyte layer of the Bowman's capsule. This filtration barrier allows small molecules, such as water, electrolytes, and waste products, to pass through into the Bowman's capsule while preventing larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells from passing through.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the rate at which blood is filtered through the glomerulus, measured in milliliters per minute. It is determined by the balance between the pressure forcing fluid out of the capillaries and the pressure opposing it, known as the net filtration pressure. The GFR is an important indicator of kidney function, as a decrease in GFR can be a sign of kidney disease.
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