Confirmation Bias
5.1 هزار بار بازدید -
4 سال پیش
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Confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias where individuals search for or interpret information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs. Individuals can search for or place more weight on evidence that supports their position. For example, consider a study where participants were asked to imagine that they were serving on a jury to decide who will receive sole custody of a child, Parent A or Parent B. Parent A was described as having an average relationship with the child and having an average income. Parent B was given a description with both positive and negative characteristics. For example, Parent B was described as having a very close relationship with the child, but also having lots of work-related travel. When experimenters asked participants which parent should have custody, the participants looked for positive characteristics, and Parent B (having a very close relationship with the child) was picked more often. Conversely, when experimenters asked participants which parent should be denied custody, the participants looked for negative characteristics and selected Parent B more often as well. In both cases, evidence that very obviously supported or denied a position was selected for much more heavily.
Another way that confirmation bias can affect us is by causing individuals to interpret evidence in a way that supports their position, or by causing individuals to reject evidence not supporting their position. Consider a study where participants were previously either in favor of or against capital punishment. Students were given a reading assignment that provided information describing capital punishment. Students in favor of capital punishment were more likely to interpret the new evidence as supporting capital punishment, while students against capital punishment were more likely to believe the evidence supported abolishing capital punishment.
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Confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias where individuals search for or interpret information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs. Individuals can search for or place more weight on evidence that supports their position. For example, consider a study where participants were asked to imagine that they were serving on a jury to decide who will receive sole custody of a child, Parent A or Parent B. Parent A was described as having an average relationship with the child and having an average income. Parent B was given a description with both positive and negative characteristics. For example, Parent B was described as having a very close relationship with the child, but also having lots of work-related travel. When experimenters asked participants which parent should have custody, the participants looked for positive characteristics, and Parent B (having a very close relationship with the child) was picked more often. Conversely, when experimenters asked participants which parent should be denied custody, the participants looked for negative characteristics and selected Parent B more often as well. In both cases, evidence that very obviously supported or denied a position was selected for much more heavily.
Another way that confirmation bias can affect us is by causing individuals to interpret evidence in a way that supports their position, or by causing individuals to reject evidence not supporting their position. Consider a study where participants were previously either in favor of or against capital punishment. Students were given a reading assignment that provided information describing capital punishment. Students in favor of capital punishment were more likely to interpret the new evidence as supporting capital punishment, while students against capital punishment were more likely to believe the evidence supported abolishing capital punishment.
MEDSCHOOLCOACH
To watch more MCAT video tutorials like this and have access to study scheduling, progress tracking, flashcard and question bank, download MCAT Prep by MedSchoolCoach
IOS Link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Apple Link: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/mcat-pr...
#medschoolcoach #MCATprep #MCATstudytools
4 سال پیش
در تاریخ 1399/06/17 منتشر شده
است.
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