How do we know there's a black hole in every galaxy centre? | History of Supermassive Black Holes
382.1 هزار بار بازدید -
6 سال پیش
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At the centre of every
At the centre of every galaxy, there is a supermassive black hole (a million to a billion times bigger than the Sun). But how do we even know that? There are so many scientific results that have jigsaw-pieced together throughout the past century that allow us to know that now, so join me, as I go through decade by decade and explain the significance of all the results that have built up the big picture.
00:00 - Introduction
00:53 - 1900s
03:58 - 1910s
05:50 - 1920s
06:58 -1930s
09:04 - 1940s
11:00 -1950s
12:09 -1960s
17:14 - 1970s
18:38 - 1980s
19:40 - 1990s
22:12 - 2000s
23:28 - 2010s
Here are links to all the papers I mentioned throughout the video, again listed by decade (note that "et al." is Latin for "and others"):
Michell (1784) - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
Fath (1909) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Einstein (1915) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...
Schwarzschild (1916) - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Lemaître (1927) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Hubble (1929) - https://www.pnas.org/content/15/3/168
Einstein (1931; cosmological constant introduced) - http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOd...
Chandrasekhar (1931) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Tolman (1939) - https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/...
Oppenheimer & Volkoff (1939) https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/...
Seyfert (1943) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Bolton, Stanley & Slee (1949) - https://www.nature.com/articles/164101b0
Baade & Minkowski (1954) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Burbidge (1959) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Minkowski (1960) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Giacconi (1962) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Hoyle & Fowler (1963) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Schmidt (1963) - https://www.nature.com/articles/19710...
Kerr (1963) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Salpeter (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Zel’dovich (1964) - https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19...
Schmidt & Matthews (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Schmidt (1965) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Penrose (1965) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Hawking (1967) - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2415769?...
Hewish, Bell et al. (1968) - https://www.nature.com/articles/217709a0
Lynden-Bell (1969) - https://www.nature.com/articles/223690a0
Lyden Bell & Rees (71) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Wolfe & Burbidge (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Bardeen, Carter & Hawking (1973) - https://link.springer.com/article/10....
Bekenstein (1973) - https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract...
Balick & Brown (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Sargent et al. (1978) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Dressler (84) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Kormendy (88) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Harms et al. (1994) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Miyoshi et al. (1995) - https://www.nature.com/articles/373127a0
Urry & Padovani (1995) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/950606...
Faber et al. (1997) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Magorrian et al. (1998) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/970807...
Ferrarse & Merritt (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/000605...
Gebhardt et al. (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/000628...
Hopkins et al. (2006) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/050639...
Simmons, Smethurst & Lintott (2017) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.10793.pdf
Martin et al. (2018) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09699.pdf
---
📚 My book: "Space at the Speed of Light" is now available in the USA & Canada! https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/bo...
📚 For anywhere else in the world you can buy my book here (Space: 10 Things You Should Know - same book, different title) here: http://bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky
---
👩🏽💻 Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
http://drbecky.uk.com
https://rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
00:00 - Introduction
00:53 - 1900s
03:58 - 1910s
05:50 - 1920s
06:58 -1930s
09:04 - 1940s
11:00 -1950s
12:09 -1960s
17:14 - 1970s
18:38 - 1980s
19:40 - 1990s
22:12 - 2000s
23:28 - 2010s
Here are links to all the papers I mentioned throughout the video, again listed by decade (note that "et al." is Latin for "and others"):
Michell (1784) - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
Fath (1909) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Einstein (1915) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...
Schwarzschild (1916) - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Lemaître (1927) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Hubble (1929) - https://www.pnas.org/content/15/3/168
Einstein (1931; cosmological constant introduced) - http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOd...
Chandrasekhar (1931) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Tolman (1939) - https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/...
Oppenheimer & Volkoff (1939) https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/...
Seyfert (1943) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Bolton, Stanley & Slee (1949) - https://www.nature.com/articles/164101b0
Baade & Minkowski (1954) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Burbidge (1959) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Minkowski (1960) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Giacconi (1962) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Hoyle & Fowler (1963) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Schmidt (1963) - https://www.nature.com/articles/19710...
Kerr (1963) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Salpeter (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Zel’dovich (1964) - https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19...
Schmidt & Matthews (1964) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Schmidt (1965) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Penrose (1965) - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Hawking (1967) - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2415769?...
Hewish, Bell et al. (1968) - https://www.nature.com/articles/217709a0
Lynden-Bell (1969) - https://www.nature.com/articles/223690a0
Lyden Bell & Rees (71) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Wolfe & Burbidge (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Bardeen, Carter & Hawking (1973) - https://link.springer.com/article/10....
Bekenstein (1973) - https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract...
Balick & Brown (1974) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Sargent et al. (1978) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Dressler (84) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Kormendy (88) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Harms et al. (1994) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Miyoshi et al. (1995) - https://www.nature.com/articles/373127a0
Urry & Padovani (1995) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/950606...
Faber et al. (1997) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Magorrian et al. (1998) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/970807...
Ferrarse & Merritt (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/000605...
Gebhardt et al. (2000) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/000628...
Hopkins et al. (2006) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/050639...
Simmons, Smethurst & Lintott (2017) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.10793.pdf
Martin et al. (2018) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09699.pdf
---
📚 My book: "Space at the Speed of Light" is now available in the USA & Canada! https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/bo...
📚 For anywhere else in the world you can buy my book here (Space: 10 Things You Should Know - same book, different title) here: http://bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky
---
👩🏽💻 Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
http://drbecky.uk.com
https://rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
6 سال پیش
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