Apicoectomy - oral Surgery

Endodontic Surgery (Apicoectomy)
Inflammation of the pulp and septic necrosis of the dental pulp arise most commonly from: carious lesion penetrating the pulp chamber, fracture of the tooth crown, dental pulp exposure during cavity preparation. While inflammation of the pulp and sterile necrosis of the dental pulp may result from: thermal irritation, chemical irritation or from trauma to the tooth. A necrotic pulp which initially was sterile may become infected as a result of microorganisms reaching it via the gingival crevice or via the veins and lymphatic in the periodontium.
The infected necrotic pulp tissue will produce periapical irritation through the apical foramen. The body attempts to combat this irritation by an inflammatory response. If the microorganisms are virulence will cause acute infection, while if the microorganisms are non virulence or the host has good defense mechanism which will cause chronic infection of the periapical area. Chronic periapical infection may be a subsequent to acute periapical infection, and there is acute exacerbation of chronic infection. Chronic periapical lesion reveals as abscess (12%), granuloma (73%), true cyst (9%) or pocket cyst (6%).