Basic Terms of Statistics/ Population/Sample/Parameter/Variable/ urdu and hindi
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BASIC TERMINOLOGY:POPULATION:• A complete collection
BASIC TERMINOLOGY:
POPULATION:
• A complete collection of individuals, objects or measurements under consideration in a study will be called population.
EXAMPLE:
• All the students of a college.
• All the books in a library.
• Heights of all students of a school.
• Salaries of all factory workers, etc…
Note: A population may be finite or infinite size e.g. all the students of a college is a finite population and all the fish in a lake is an infinite population.
SAMPLE:
• Apart or a subset of a population is called sample.
EXAMPLE:
• The small group of some students selected from a college is called a sample.
• Some books selected from library is called sample.
• The groups of few patients selected from a hospital is called a sample.
PARAMETER:
• Any quantity calculated from a population is called parameter.
• A parameter describe the characteristic of a population.
Variable:
• A variable is a characteristics that varies from one observation to the next.
Example:
• Heights of students.
• Ages of worker of a factory.
• Colors of car on a road. etc…
TYPES OF VARIABLE:
Variable may be classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.
1. QUALITATIVE VARIABLE
2. QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
QUALITATIVE VARIABLE:
A variable is called a Qualitative variable when a characteristic cannot be expressed numerically.
EXAMPLE:
• Colors of cars on the road.
• Religions of people in a country.
• Gender of students in a university.
• Blood groups of patient in a hospital.
Note: when the characteristic is qualitative and hence cannot be measured numerically, it is also called an Attribute.
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE:
A variable is called a Quantitative variable when a characteristic can be expressed numerically.
EXAMPLE:
• Height of students of a college.
• Ages of worker of a factory.
• Prices of calculator in a market.
DISCRETE VARIABLE:
• A characteristic which is countable and can take on distinct values is term as discrete variable.
EXAMPLE:
• Number of students in a college.
• Number of books in a library.
• Numbers of room in university
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE:
• A characteristic which is measureable and can be assume all possible values (numerical or fractional) within a given interval is termed as continuous variable.
EXAMPLE:
• Age of a student
• Temperature at a place
• Weight of a person
• Distance covered by a car
• Time it takes to complete the work
Note: The data which are describe by a discrete variable are called Discrete data. The data which are describe by a continuous variable are called continuous data.
POPULATION:
• A complete collection of individuals, objects or measurements under consideration in a study will be called population.
EXAMPLE:
• All the students of a college.
• All the books in a library.
• Heights of all students of a school.
• Salaries of all factory workers, etc…
Note: A population may be finite or infinite size e.g. all the students of a college is a finite population and all the fish in a lake is an infinite population.
SAMPLE:
• Apart or a subset of a population is called sample.
EXAMPLE:
• The small group of some students selected from a college is called a sample.
• Some books selected from library is called sample.
• The groups of few patients selected from a hospital is called a sample.
PARAMETER:
• Any quantity calculated from a population is called parameter.
• A parameter describe the characteristic of a population.
Variable:
• A variable is a characteristics that varies from one observation to the next.
Example:
• Heights of students.
• Ages of worker of a factory.
• Colors of car on a road. etc…
TYPES OF VARIABLE:
Variable may be classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.
1. QUALITATIVE VARIABLE
2. QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
QUALITATIVE VARIABLE:
A variable is called a Qualitative variable when a characteristic cannot be expressed numerically.
EXAMPLE:
• Colors of cars on the road.
• Religions of people in a country.
• Gender of students in a university.
• Blood groups of patient in a hospital.
Note: when the characteristic is qualitative and hence cannot be measured numerically, it is also called an Attribute.
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE:
A variable is called a Quantitative variable when a characteristic can be expressed numerically.
EXAMPLE:
• Height of students of a college.
• Ages of worker of a factory.
• Prices of calculator in a market.
DISCRETE VARIABLE:
• A characteristic which is countable and can take on distinct values is term as discrete variable.
EXAMPLE:
• Number of students in a college.
• Number of books in a library.
• Numbers of room in university
CONTINUOUS VARIABLE:
• A characteristic which is measureable and can be assume all possible values (numerical or fractional) within a given interval is termed as continuous variable.
EXAMPLE:
• Age of a student
• Temperature at a place
• Weight of a person
• Distance covered by a car
• Time it takes to complete the work
Note: The data which are describe by a discrete variable are called Discrete data. The data which are describe by a continuous variable are called continuous data.
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