#visiting Barnhart Island: Swindled from the #mohawks #history #travel #education #culture #hiking
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In 1795 George Barnhart leased
In 1795 George Barnhart leased Barnhart Island of the St. Regis Mohawks for 999 years at an annual rental of thirty “dollars.” Ten years later the Mohawks became dissatisfied & insisted upon a larger rental resulting in a new lease was made for sixty “dollars” a year. Customarily, the British government granted patents upon the issue of such leases after application had been made securing the title. The island lies near the head of St. Francis Lake, north of the boundary - the forty-fifth degree of longitude. From this point it was regarded as a British possession and its inhabitants’ British subjects. This changed after the treaty of Ghent when the island was assigned to the United States. George Barnhart had three sons: William George, Jacob, John.[1]
William George, was the first settler on Barnhart Island, locating there in 1804, and followed soon by his brothers and other settlers to whom rights in land were transferred. They erected a sawmill on the north shore, where the channel of the river was narrow, and a few years later built a grist mill and woolen factory at the same point. These mills were the first in that section and were largely patronized by the settlers in New York and Canada. In 1823 this island, with others, was purchased from the state by David A. and Governeur Ogden, upon their representation that it was unoccupied, and they notified the settlers to leave. The state formally ejected the settlers in compliance with the grant, but in 1849 the legislature referred the claims of the Barnharts and others for damages to a commission consisting of Bishop Perkins, George Redington and John Fine. The sum of $6,597 was awarded to the following claimants: George and Jacob Barnhart, George Robertson, George Gollinger and George Shetzmyer. These amounts were unsatisfactory and a few years later an additional award was made. The Barnharts remained on the island and continued to improve it. In 1832 the mills of the Barnharts were swept away by an ice freshet. The sawmill was rebuilt but was again destroyed about 1850. In 1830 Seth Fenton opened a store on the island and conducted it several years. Others in trade were E. Miner, George W. Campbell and James Averill. The store building was later used as a farmhouse. In 1846 A. J. Barnhart opened a store on the east end of the island and conducted in many years.[2}
Occupation of the island continued into the 1950’s. Building of the Seaway was a massive engineering and construction feat. Along with the central installations involved in creating the Seaway, supplementary works, such as bridge and tunnel construction. Moreover, the creation of Lake St Lawrence resulted in the flooding of 15,400 hectares and necessitated the relocation of highways, nine small communities, and parts of the towns of Iroquois and Morrisburg, Ontario. In all over 525 dwellings and 6,500 people, 64 km of railway track and 56 km of highway were relocated, and two new communities in Ontario, Ingleside and Long Sault, were created. The islands on the St. Lawrence, except those at Akwesasne were taken by the Power Authority. [3]
In 1986, the Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians brought action to recover possession of certain islands in the St. Lawrence River. The Mohawks sought compensation from the federal defendants St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation and its administrator for flooding portions of their land without just compensation in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In this action they sought a declaratory judgment that they own and are entitled to possess the Croil and Barnhart Islands, which are located in the St. Lawrence River. According to plaintiffs, New York transferred plaintiffs' islands in violation of the Treaty of Ghent and the Indian Nonintercourse Act. Plaintiffs also seek trespass damages for the period of dispossession. [4]
Endnotes
[1] (Barnhart – Rootsweb: http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~hubbar...)
[2] Ibid.
[3] U-S-History, St. Lawrence Seaway https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h17...
[4] Canadian St. Regis Band v. State of NY, 640 F. Supp. 203 (N.D.N.Y 1986) US District Court for the Northern District of New York - 640 F. Supp. 203 (N.D.N.Y 1986) July 30, 1986
Check out my other videos. . . I have different playlists on history, culture, different cities and areas, and interesting places. The playlists include Cultural History-Places; Cities-History/Culture; Troy, NY History; a few “shorts” and the Baker Sheep Farm Archaeological Site.
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William George, was the first settler on Barnhart Island, locating there in 1804, and followed soon by his brothers and other settlers to whom rights in land were transferred. They erected a sawmill on the north shore, where the channel of the river was narrow, and a few years later built a grist mill and woolen factory at the same point. These mills were the first in that section and were largely patronized by the settlers in New York and Canada. In 1823 this island, with others, was purchased from the state by David A. and Governeur Ogden, upon their representation that it was unoccupied, and they notified the settlers to leave. The state formally ejected the settlers in compliance with the grant, but in 1849 the legislature referred the claims of the Barnharts and others for damages to a commission consisting of Bishop Perkins, George Redington and John Fine. The sum of $6,597 was awarded to the following claimants: George and Jacob Barnhart, George Robertson, George Gollinger and George Shetzmyer. These amounts were unsatisfactory and a few years later an additional award was made. The Barnharts remained on the island and continued to improve it. In 1832 the mills of the Barnharts were swept away by an ice freshet. The sawmill was rebuilt but was again destroyed about 1850. In 1830 Seth Fenton opened a store on the island and conducted it several years. Others in trade were E. Miner, George W. Campbell and James Averill. The store building was later used as a farmhouse. In 1846 A. J. Barnhart opened a store on the east end of the island and conducted in many years.[2}
Occupation of the island continued into the 1950’s. Building of the Seaway was a massive engineering and construction feat. Along with the central installations involved in creating the Seaway, supplementary works, such as bridge and tunnel construction. Moreover, the creation of Lake St Lawrence resulted in the flooding of 15,400 hectares and necessitated the relocation of highways, nine small communities, and parts of the towns of Iroquois and Morrisburg, Ontario. In all over 525 dwellings and 6,500 people, 64 km of railway track and 56 km of highway were relocated, and two new communities in Ontario, Ingleside and Long Sault, were created. The islands on the St. Lawrence, except those at Akwesasne were taken by the Power Authority. [3]
In 1986, the Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians brought action to recover possession of certain islands in the St. Lawrence River. The Mohawks sought compensation from the federal defendants St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation and its administrator for flooding portions of their land without just compensation in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In this action they sought a declaratory judgment that they own and are entitled to possess the Croil and Barnhart Islands, which are located in the St. Lawrence River. According to plaintiffs, New York transferred plaintiffs' islands in violation of the Treaty of Ghent and the Indian Nonintercourse Act. Plaintiffs also seek trespass damages for the period of dispossession. [4]
Endnotes
[1] (Barnhart – Rootsweb: http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~hubbar...)
[2] Ibid.
[3] U-S-History, St. Lawrence Seaway https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h17...
[4] Canadian St. Regis Band v. State of NY, 640 F. Supp. 203 (N.D.N.Y 1986) US District Court for the Northern District of New York - 640 F. Supp. 203 (N.D.N.Y 1986) July 30, 1986
Check out my other videos. . . I have different playlists on history, culture, different cities and areas, and interesting places. The playlists include Cultural History-Places; Cities-History/Culture; Troy, NY History; a few “shorts” and the Baker Sheep Farm Archaeological Site.
Subscribe to my channel here: @the_cultural_historian_drrgst
You can find out more about me here: https://rich3224.wixsite.com/rugenstein
You can find my books here: https://fiction4all.com/ebooks/a2362.htm
Gypsy-Guy merchandise found here: https://gypsy-guy.com/?ref=fdwRnSax
3 سال پیش
در تاریخ 1400/07/14 منتشر شده
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