Temporomandibular Joint: Articulating Surfaces, Ligaments, Movements, Neurovascular supply, USMLE
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Temporomandibular Joint: Articulating Surfaces, Ligaments, Movements, Neurovascular supply, USMLE
I. Introduction:
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint that connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone of the skull.
It is a hinge joint and a sliding joint, which means it allows for both rotational and translational movements of the jaw.
The TMJ is important for functions such as chewing, speaking, and swallowing.
II. Structure of the Temporomandibular Joint:
Bones of the temporomandibular joint include the temporal bone, mandible, articular eminence, mandibular fossa, and condyle of the mandible.
Muscles of the temporomandibular joint include the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles.
Ligaments of the temporomandibular joint include the temporomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament, and sphenomandibular ligament.
The articular disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure that separates the condyle of the mandible from the mandibular fossa.
The synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
III. Bones of the Temporomandibular Joint:
The temporal bone is a bone of the skull that forms the lateral wall of the skull and contains the mandibular fossa.
The mandible is the lower jaw bone that articulates with the temporal bone.
The articular eminence is a small projection of bone on the temporal bone that helps guide the mandible during movements.
The mandibular fossa is a depression on the temporal bone where the condyle of the mandible articulates.
The condyle of the mandible is the rounded end of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa.
IV. Muscles of the Temporomandibular Joint:
The masseter muscle is a powerful muscle that elevates the mandible during chewing.
The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that retracts the mandible and assists in elevating it during chewing.
The medial pterygoid muscle is a muscle that elevates and protracts the mandible during chewing.
The lateral pterygoid muscle is a muscle that depresses and protracts the mandible during opening of the mouth.
V. Ligaments of the Temporomandibular Joint:
The temporomandibular ligament is a thick band of fibrous tissue that connects the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the neck of the mandible.
The stylomandibular ligament is a thin band of fibrous tissue that extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle of the mandible.
The sphenomandibular ligament is a thin band of fibrous tissue that extends from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of the mandible.
VI. Articular Disc of the Temporomandibular Joint:
The articular disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure that separates the condyle of the mandible from the mandibular fossa.
It is attached to the joint capsule and moves with the condyle during movements of the jaw.
The articular disc helps distribute forces evenly across the joint during movements.
VII. Synovial Membrane of the Temporomandibular Joint:
The synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
It also provides nourishment to the articular cartilage and removes waste products from the joint.
The synovial membrane is highly vascular and innervated, allowing it to detect pain and inflammation in the joint.
VIII. Blood and Nerve Supply of the Temporomandibular Joint:
Arteries supplying the temporomandibular joint include the superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery, and anterior tympanic artery.
Veins draining the temporomandibular joint include the superficial temporal vein, maxillary vein, and posterior auricular vein.
Nerves innervating the temporomandibular joint include the auriculotemporal nerve, masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerves, and lateral pterygoid nerve.
IX. Function of the Temporomandibular Joint:
Movements of the temporomandibular joint include opening and closing the mouth, protruding and retracting the mandible, and side-to-side movements of the mandible.
The muscles involved in these movements include the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles.
Normal functioning of the temporomandibular joint allows for pain-free and efficient movements of the jaw.
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