BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS-Aromatic family (Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine)

The aromatic amino acids [phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp)] are central molecules in plant metabolism. Besides their function as building blocks of proteins, they serve as precursors for a variety of plant hormones. The aromatic amino acids of plants are also essential nutritive compounds in the diets of humans and monogastric livestock, which are unable to synthesize them. The biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids from core primary metabolism initiates via the shikimate pathway, leading to the synthesis of chorismate. Chorismate is the initial branch point metabolite in the synthesis of all three aromatic amino acids. The first enzyme of the shikimate pathway is 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase converting PEP and E4-P into 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate . The second enzyme of this pathway is 3-dehydroquinate synthase, which converts 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate into 3-dehydroquinate. The third and fourth enzymatic steps are catalyzed by the bi-functional enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase/ shikimate 5-dehydrogenase, leading to the formation of shikimate. The fifth enzymatic step is catalyzed by shikimate kinase, which converts shikimate to shikimate 3-phosphate. The sixth enzymatic step is catalyzed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase which leads to the synthesis of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate The final step is catalyzed by chorismate synthase , which converts EPSP to chorismate. #plants #aminoacids #aromaticcompounds #tryptophan

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