Genetic Organization of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes-Biotechnology-Unit 4- B. Pharmacy 6 Sem.--L.07
56.2 هزار بار بازدید -
3 سال پیش
-
For Notes Download App:
For Notes Download App: https://mbpra.courses.store/323611?ut...
The genome of an organism encompasses all of the genes of that organism.
Gene is a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule.
Thus a protein-coding gene is defined as a region of DNA that encodes a single polypeptide or a set of closely related polypeptides.
Genes are contained in chromosomes.
Prokaryotic Chromosomes
The DNA of a bacterial cell, such as Escherichia coli, is a circular double-stranded molecule often referred to as the bacterial chromosome.
The DNA is negatively supercoiled, that is, it is twisted upon itself.
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
The large amount of genomic DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packaged in chromosomes contained within a specialized organelle, the nucleus
Chromosomes contain both DNA and protein.
Nucleosomes
The first level of packaging involves the binding of the chromosomal DNA to histones.
Overall, in chromosomes, the ratio of DNA to histones on a weight basis is approximately 1:1.
There are five main types of histones called H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
Radial loops
When chromosomes are depleted of histones, they are seen to have a central fibrous ‘protein scaffold’ (or nuclear matrix) to which the DNA is attached in loops.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My Telegram account: https://t.me/joinchat/UrMLkw_VPi5RMbO...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/MS-Sci-Acade...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click here to download Notes:
"https://forms.gle/Tvyrz7DS8yg9oYKS9"
The genome of an organism encompasses all of the genes of that organism.
Gene is a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule.
Thus a protein-coding gene is defined as a region of DNA that encodes a single polypeptide or a set of closely related polypeptides.
Genes are contained in chromosomes.
Prokaryotic Chromosomes
The DNA of a bacterial cell, such as Escherichia coli, is a circular double-stranded molecule often referred to as the bacterial chromosome.
The DNA is negatively supercoiled, that is, it is twisted upon itself.
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
The large amount of genomic DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packaged in chromosomes contained within a specialized organelle, the nucleus
Chromosomes contain both DNA and protein.
Nucleosomes
The first level of packaging involves the binding of the chromosomal DNA to histones.
Overall, in chromosomes, the ratio of DNA to histones on a weight basis is approximately 1:1.
There are five main types of histones called H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
Radial loops
When chromosomes are depleted of histones, they are seen to have a central fibrous ‘protein scaffold’ (or nuclear matrix) to which the DNA is attached in loops.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My Telegram account: https://t.me/joinchat/UrMLkw_VPi5RMbO...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/MS-Sci-Acade...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click here to download Notes:
"https://forms.gle/Tvyrz7DS8yg9oYKS9"
3 سال پیش
در تاریخ 1400/02/31 منتشر شده
است.
56,255
بـار بازدید شده