Lewis Acid Base Question NEET 2023

The Lewis acid-base concept is a fundamental theory in chemistry proposed by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1923. Unlike the more traditional Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions, which focus on proton transfer, the Lewis concept defines acids and bases based on electron pair donation and acceptance.

*Lewis Acid:*
- According to Lewis, a Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor. In other words, it is a substance that can accept a lone pair of electrons.
- Common examples include metal cations (such as Al³⁺, Fe²⁺) and molecules like BF₃ and CO₂.
- Lewis acids often have an incomplete octet of electrons in their valence shell or are electron-deficient.

*Lewis Base:*
- A Lewis base, on the other hand, is an electron pair donor. It is a substance that can donate a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
- Examples include ammonia (NH₃), water (H₂O), hydroxide ion (OH⁻), and many organic molecules with lone pairs of electrons.
- Lewis bases typically have a lone pair of electrons available for donation.

*Applications and Importance:*
- The Lewis acid-base concept is vast and applies to many reactions beyond traditional ones, including coordination chemistry and catalysis.
- It helps explain bonding and reactivity in many chemical systems, particularly those involving metal ions and ligands.
- Understanding Lewis acids and bases is crucial in fields like organic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.

In summary, the Lewis acid-base theory provides a more comprehensive understanding of chemical reactions by focusing on the exchange of electron pairs rather than the transfer of protons.
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