Schedules of Reinforcement
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An important reinforcement consideration in
An important reinforcement consideration in controlling behavior is when to reinforce performance. Timely feedback is important. The frequency and magnitude of the reinforcement may be as important as the reinforcement itself.
The two major classifications are continuous and intermittent: With a continuous method, each desired and undesired behavior is reinforced. Examples of this method would be a machine with an automatic counter that lets the employee know exactly how many units have been produced, or a supervisor who punishes employees for breaking rules every time.
With intermittent reinforcement, the reward is given based on the passage of time or output. When the reward is based on the passage of time, it is called an interval schedule. When it is based on output, it is called a ratio schedule.
When electing to use intermittent reinforcement, there are four alternatives.
Fixed interval schedule is giving a salary paycheck every week, breaks and meals at the same time every day. Variable interval schedule is giving praise only now and then, a surprise inspection, a pop quiz. Fixed ratio schedule is giving a piece rate or bonus after producing a standard rate. Variable ratio schedule is giving praise for excellent work, a lottery for employees who have not been absent for a set time.
Generally, positive reinforcement is the best motivator. Continuous reinforcement is better at sustaining desired behavior; however, it is not always possible or practical.
The two major classifications are continuous and intermittent: With a continuous method, each desired and undesired behavior is reinforced. Examples of this method would be a machine with an automatic counter that lets the employee know exactly how many units have been produced, or a supervisor who punishes employees for breaking rules every time.
With intermittent reinforcement, the reward is given based on the passage of time or output. When the reward is based on the passage of time, it is called an interval schedule. When it is based on output, it is called a ratio schedule.
When electing to use intermittent reinforcement, there are four alternatives.
Fixed interval schedule is giving a salary paycheck every week, breaks and meals at the same time every day. Variable interval schedule is giving praise only now and then, a surprise inspection, a pop quiz. Fixed ratio schedule is giving a piece rate or bonus after producing a standard rate. Variable ratio schedule is giving praise for excellent work, a lottery for employees who have not been absent for a set time.
Generally, positive reinforcement is the best motivator. Continuous reinforcement is better at sustaining desired behavior; however, it is not always possible or practical.
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