How long should acrylic paint dry before varnishing?
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In today's FAQ Our inhouse
In today's FAQ Our inhouse chemist Steven Patterson answers the question How long should you let your finished work in acrylics dry before varnishing
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hi so question we get quite a lot is how long should you wait to leave your painting to dry before you varnish it or how long to wait between coats the best way to understand this is to understand how the paint actually dries so acrylic paint is is is a bunch of acrylic beads microscopic beads which are solid you think of them like billiard balls maybe floating around in water with the pigment around them now as the water evaporates off the surface these beads get pushed together with the pigment in between them and as the beads touch each other they have what's called a coalescent a chemical around them called a coalescent and that chemical together with the pressure from the air and the temperature will chemically bond and form basically a strip or a film of plastic which is what the acrylic is impregnated with the pigment okay so when the paint is drying if you can just visualize what we've talked about it will depend on the temperature and the humidity as to how quickly the water will evaporate away not only that if you think about it on a microscopic level a skin forms across the top where these plastic beads where there's less water because it's evaporated away and these plastic beads are pushed together and they're touching each other and that's why we find a skin forming across the top of course with the skin formed across the top there's less places for the water to get out from underneath so no doubt you've you've put on whether it's been on your pallet or drop some on the floor on a painting you put some acrylic paint on quite thickly and you've noticed that it's got quite a thick skin on it but it's still possibly even wet underneath that's the phenomenon we're seeing so if you can relate that back to when you're doing your picture you put your layers of paint on if you keep putting layers of paint on the top and the coats underneath haven't had a chance for the water to get all the way out you need to wait till all the water comes out before you can put a top coat of varnish on what sort of time are we talking well it's really hard to tell but firstly acrylics varnish or or the paint really won't tend to dry or won't tend to cure that coalescing it needs temperature out of the air as well as air pressure the temperature in the air needs to be above about 10 or 12 degrees celsius and really probably most peop no one's going to want to paint in in below 12 degrees celsius but really having it above about 15 is where you want to aim for now at the top end the problem is if you go over about 25 to 30 degrees celsius what you'll find is the water is sort of flashing off the top and so we're forming this skin prematurely and that's trapping a lot of water inside and the longer that skin is allowed to form without or still having water trapped inside then the longer it will take for that water to come out so what does it matter if there's water stuck in the paint well in most cases if you're painting a picture that's going to hang on the wall and and it's on canvas and it's not being used as a door mat or a tea tray then there's actually no real problem at all as long as you don't put a solvent-based varnish over the top a solvent-based varnish works in a completely different way and will lock everything in also locks everything out all the bad bits but it locks everything in and if you still get a lot of water in there the water is not going to be able to get out reel back a little bit so are there any other problems if you put the coats on really really thick and don't leave enough time to dry then you have a potential of cracking caused between the the difference in in drying times between the two coats or two or three coats or whatever you put on so you just need to be a little bit careful of that because if there are different points they might still shift for instance if you put a really thick coat and i'm talking about literally several millimeters and then you put another and not let it dry maybe an hour or two it's got a skin on it and then put some paint over the top of that but a thinner coat that thinner coat will actually dry more quickly so will remain
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hi so question we get quite a lot is how long should you wait to leave your painting to dry before you varnish it or how long to wait between coats the best way to understand this is to understand how the paint actually dries so acrylic paint is is is a bunch of acrylic beads microscopic beads which are solid you think of them like billiard balls maybe floating around in water with the pigment around them now as the water evaporates off the surface these beads get pushed together with the pigment in between them and as the beads touch each other they have what's called a coalescent a chemical around them called a coalescent and that chemical together with the pressure from the air and the temperature will chemically bond and form basically a strip or a film of plastic which is what the acrylic is impregnated with the pigment okay so when the paint is drying if you can just visualize what we've talked about it will depend on the temperature and the humidity as to how quickly the water will evaporate away not only that if you think about it on a microscopic level a skin forms across the top where these plastic beads where there's less water because it's evaporated away and these plastic beads are pushed together and they're touching each other and that's why we find a skin forming across the top of course with the skin formed across the top there's less places for the water to get out from underneath so no doubt you've you've put on whether it's been on your pallet or drop some on the floor on a painting you put some acrylic paint on quite thickly and you've noticed that it's got quite a thick skin on it but it's still possibly even wet underneath that's the phenomenon we're seeing so if you can relate that back to when you're doing your picture you put your layers of paint on if you keep putting layers of paint on the top and the coats underneath haven't had a chance for the water to get all the way out you need to wait till all the water comes out before you can put a top coat of varnish on what sort of time are we talking well it's really hard to tell but firstly acrylics varnish or or the paint really won't tend to dry or won't tend to cure that coalescing it needs temperature out of the air as well as air pressure the temperature in the air needs to be above about 10 or 12 degrees celsius and really probably most peop no one's going to want to paint in in below 12 degrees celsius but really having it above about 15 is where you want to aim for now at the top end the problem is if you go over about 25 to 30 degrees celsius what you'll find is the water is sort of flashing off the top and so we're forming this skin prematurely and that's trapping a lot of water inside and the longer that skin is allowed to form without or still having water trapped inside then the longer it will take for that water to come out so what does it matter if there's water stuck in the paint well in most cases if you're painting a picture that's going to hang on the wall and and it's on canvas and it's not being used as a door mat or a tea tray then there's actually no real problem at all as long as you don't put a solvent-based varnish over the top a solvent-based varnish works in a completely different way and will lock everything in also locks everything out all the bad bits but it locks everything in and if you still get a lot of water in there the water is not going to be able to get out reel back a little bit so are there any other problems if you put the coats on really really thick and don't leave enough time to dry then you have a potential of cracking caused between the the difference in in drying times between the two coats or two or three coats or whatever you put on so you just need to be a little bit careful of that because if there are different points they might still shift for instance if you put a really thick coat and i'm talking about literally several millimeters and then you put another and not let it dry maybe an hour or two it's got a skin on it and then put some paint over the top of that but a thinner coat that thinner coat will actually dry more quickly so will remain
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