T-independent and T-dependent activation of B cells

This animated video shows the activation of B cells to secrete IgM by T-independent carbohydrate antigen, and how the response can be switched to IgG using a conjugate vaccine. It also shows how responses to protein antigens are typically T-dependent, and how anti-self B cells can be made to secrete IgG by the conjugation of self to foreign protein.

• #education
• #conjugate_vaccine
• #igg
• #igm
• #follicular_helper_t_cells
• #t_dependent
• #t_independent
• #autoimmunity
• #class_switching