urine colours & diagnoses | kidney diseases| #hematuria | #rhabdomyolysis #urine #urineinfection

Urinalysis: Urine colours - normal urine colour ranges from pale yellow to amber ,depending on the concentration of the urochrome. Haematuria : It is the presence of RBCs in the urine , specifically more than 5 RBCs/hpf on urine sediment. Haemoglobinuria : In this condition,haemoglobin is present in abnormally high concentration in the urine. Myoglobinuria: In this condition, myoglobin is present in the urine. This occurs primarily due to muscles breakdown i.e Rhabdomyolysis. Hematuria vs Hemoglobinuria vs Myoglobinuria Positive blood test on urine dipstick Centrifuge the urine sample and examine the colour of supernatant supernatant- clear- hematuria If supernatant -red -hemoglobinuria\myoglobinuria check colour of plasma-pink to red-hemoglobinuria plama clear- myoglobinuria Less frequent causes for discolouration are 1- Urinary tract infection, mainly from Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, or Enterococcus spp. 2- Patients with a permanent bladder catheter (purple urine, known as “purple urine bag syndrome”) 3- Chyluria (white milky urine) 4- Porphyrinuria (associated with the excretion in the urine of porphobilinogen) 5- Alkaptonuria (red urine turning black on standing) 6- Drugs

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