ACID - BASE BALANCE : HOW BLOOD BUFFERS,RESPIRATORY AND RENAL MECHANISMS REGULATE BLOOD pH
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This video is about :Acid-base
This video is about :
Acid-base balance
regulation of blood pH
Acids are substances that are capable of donating protons and bases are those that accept protons.
The pH of blood is maintained within a remarkable constant level of 7.38 to 7.42
Why blood pH is altered?
Metabolic Sources Of Acids Which Alter Blood pH
Fixed acids or non-volatile acids:
Phosphoric
Sulphuric acids
Pyruvic acid,
Lactic acid
Keto acids
Volatile acids breathe out through the lungs :
Carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Metabolic Sources Of Bases
Citrate salts of fruit juices may produce bicarbonate salt.
Deamination of amino acids produces ammonia
Formation of bis-phosphate also contributes to
alkalinizing effect.
For Biochemistry notes / material join telegram channel :https://t.me/biochemistryConceptss
Mechanisms regulating Blood pH:
Buffer mechanism: First line of defense
The respiratory mechanism: Second line of defense
Renal mechanism: Third line of defense.
What is Buffer?
Buffers are solutions which can resist changes in pH when acid or alkali is added.
Blood contains 3 buffer systems
1. Bicarbonate buffer.
2. Phosphate buffer.
3. Protein buffer.
Respiratory Mechanism :
Second line of defense against acid-base disturbances
It functions by regulating the concentration of carbonic acid (H2CO3) in blood and other body fluids by lungs.
The respiratory center regulates the removal or retention of CO2 and thereby H2CO3 from the extracellular fluid by the lungs.
Increase in (H+) or (H2CO3) stimulates the respiratory
center to increase the rate of respiratory ventilation and
excess acid (H2CO3) in the form of CO2 is quickly
removed
Increase in (OH–) or (HCO3–) depresses respiratory
ventilation and release of CO2 from the blood
Acid-base balance refers to the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the body fluids within a narrow and optimal range. The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a pH of 7 considered neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
Maintaining proper acid-base balance is essential for the normal functioning of various physiological processes in the human body. Deviations from the normal pH range can disrupt enzyme activity, cellular function, and overall homeostasis.
In the human body, acid-base balance is primarily maintained through three main mechanisms:
1. Buffer Systems: Buffer systems are chemical systems that help prevent large changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions. The major buffer systems in the body include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. These systems work together to minimize changes in pH by absorbing excess acids or bases.
2. Respiratory Regulation: The respiratory system plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance through the control of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. When CO2 combines with water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). By regulating the rate and depth of breathing, the body can adjust CO2 levels and thereby control the amount of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in the blood.
3. Renal Regulation: The kidneys contribute to acid-base balance by regulating the excretion and reabsorption of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. The kidneys can selectively excrete hydrogen ions into urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions back into the bloodstream, helping to maintain pH homeostasis. Additionally, the kidneys play a role in the production and excretion of ammonium ions, which can act as a buffer to eliminate excess acids.
These mechanisms work in a coordinated manner to maintain acid-base balance. For example, if there is an increase in blood acidity (low pH), the respiratory system can increase ventilation to eliminate excess CO2 and decrease the carbonic acid concentration. On the other hand, if blood becomes too alkaline (high pH), the respiratory system can decrease ventilation to retain CO2 and increase carbonic acid levels.
The kidneys respond to changes in acid-base balance more slowly but provide long-term regulation. They can adjust the excretion and reabsorption of ions to maintain pH within the desired range.
Overall, the interplay between buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation ensures the maintenance of acid-base balance in the human body, allowing for optimal physiological function.
#biochemistry
#biology
#chemistry
#acidbase
#acidbasebalance
#bloodbuffers
#buffers
#acidosis
#alkalosis
#diabeticketoacidosis
#diabetes
#neet
₹acidbaseimbalance
Join through this link @@biochemistryconcepts
Acid-base balance
regulation of blood pH
Acids are substances that are capable of donating protons and bases are those that accept protons.
The pH of blood is maintained within a remarkable constant level of 7.38 to 7.42
Why blood pH is altered?
Metabolic Sources Of Acids Which Alter Blood pH
Fixed acids or non-volatile acids:
Phosphoric
Sulphuric acids
Pyruvic acid,
Lactic acid
Keto acids
Volatile acids breathe out through the lungs :
Carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Metabolic Sources Of Bases
Citrate salts of fruit juices may produce bicarbonate salt.
Deamination of amino acids produces ammonia
Formation of bis-phosphate also contributes to
alkalinizing effect.
For Biochemistry notes / material join telegram channel :https://t.me/biochemistryConceptss
Mechanisms regulating Blood pH:
Buffer mechanism: First line of defense
The respiratory mechanism: Second line of defense
Renal mechanism: Third line of defense.
What is Buffer?
Buffers are solutions which can resist changes in pH when acid or alkali is added.
Blood contains 3 buffer systems
1. Bicarbonate buffer.
2. Phosphate buffer.
3. Protein buffer.
Respiratory Mechanism :
Second line of defense against acid-base disturbances
It functions by regulating the concentration of carbonic acid (H2CO3) in blood and other body fluids by lungs.
The respiratory center regulates the removal or retention of CO2 and thereby H2CO3 from the extracellular fluid by the lungs.
Increase in (H+) or (H2CO3) stimulates the respiratory
center to increase the rate of respiratory ventilation and
excess acid (H2CO3) in the form of CO2 is quickly
removed
Increase in (OH–) or (HCO3–) depresses respiratory
ventilation and release of CO2 from the blood
Acid-base balance refers to the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the body fluids within a narrow and optimal range. The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a pH of 7 considered neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
Maintaining proper acid-base balance is essential for the normal functioning of various physiological processes in the human body. Deviations from the normal pH range can disrupt enzyme activity, cellular function, and overall homeostasis.
In the human body, acid-base balance is primarily maintained through three main mechanisms:
1. Buffer Systems: Buffer systems are chemical systems that help prevent large changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions. The major buffer systems in the body include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. These systems work together to minimize changes in pH by absorbing excess acids or bases.
2. Respiratory Regulation: The respiratory system plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance through the control of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. When CO2 combines with water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). By regulating the rate and depth of breathing, the body can adjust CO2 levels and thereby control the amount of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in the blood.
3. Renal Regulation: The kidneys contribute to acid-base balance by regulating the excretion and reabsorption of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. The kidneys can selectively excrete hydrogen ions into urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions back into the bloodstream, helping to maintain pH homeostasis. Additionally, the kidneys play a role in the production and excretion of ammonium ions, which can act as a buffer to eliminate excess acids.
These mechanisms work in a coordinated manner to maintain acid-base balance. For example, if there is an increase in blood acidity (low pH), the respiratory system can increase ventilation to eliminate excess CO2 and decrease the carbonic acid concentration. On the other hand, if blood becomes too alkaline (high pH), the respiratory system can decrease ventilation to retain CO2 and increase carbonic acid levels.
The kidneys respond to changes in acid-base balance more slowly but provide long-term regulation. They can adjust the excretion and reabsorption of ions to maintain pH within the desired range.
Overall, the interplay between buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation ensures the maintenance of acid-base balance in the human body, allowing for optimal physiological function.
#biochemistry
#biology
#chemistry
#acidbase
#acidbasebalance
#bloodbuffers
#buffers
#acidosis
#alkalosis
#diabeticketoacidosis
#diabetes
#neet
₹acidbaseimbalance
Join through this link @@biochemistryconcepts
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