Factors Affecting Solubility

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY

  There are three main factors that control solubility of a solute.

  (1) Temperature
  (2) Nature of solute or solvent
  (3) Pressure

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE

  Generally in many cases solubility increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the fall of    temperature but it is not necessary in all cases. However we must follow two behaviors:    In endothermic process solubility increases with the increase in temperature and vice versa.
  For example: solubility of potassium nitrate increases with the increase in .             temperature.    
In exothermic process solubility decrease with the increase in temperature.  
 For example:solubility of calcium oxide decreases with the increase in temperature.    Gases are more soluble in cold solvent than in hot solvent.
NATURE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
  Solubility of a solute in a solvent purely depends on the nature of both solute and solvent.
  A polar solute dissolved in polar solvent.
  Solubility of a non-polar solute in a solvent is large.
  A polar solute has low solubility or insoluble in a non-polar solvent.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE
  The effect of pressure is observed only in the case of gases.
  An increase in pressure increases of solubility of a gas in a liquid.
  For example carbon di oxide is filled in cold drink bottles (such as coca cola, Pepsi 7up etc.)under pressure.

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