Granuloma - Caseating, Non-caseating, Epithelioid Cells (Histiocytes) - Tuberculoma, Leproma Gumma

Granuloma - Caseating, Non-caseating, Epithelioid Cells (Histiocytes) - Tuberculoma (of tuberculosis), Leproma (of leprosy), and Gumma (of syphilis).
Granuloma (type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction) is formed by macrophages (epithelioid cells or epithelioid histiocytes), T-lymphocytes (T-Helper cells), and fibroblasts. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) present the antigen to the T-lymphocyts (Th1) which secretes interferon-gamma to activate the macrophages. Activated macrophages secrete tissue necrosis factor (TNF) to form and sustain a granuloma. Epithelioid cells fuse together to form multi-nucleated giant cells (Langhans cell). Biological DMARDs (TNF inhibitors) can cause the granuloma to break down. Pathology lectures for doctors, nurses, MBBS.

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• #education
• #granuloma
• #caseating
• #non_caseating
• #necrosis
• #apoptosis
• #t_cells
• #lymphocytes
• #macrophages
• #epithelioid_cells
• #epithelioid_histiocytes
• #langhans_cells
• #muti_nucleated_giant_cells
• #fibroblasts
• #tuberculosis
• #mycobacteria
• #tuberculoma
• #leprosy
• #leproma
• #syphilis
• #gumma
• #interferon
• #tumor_necrosis_factor_tnf
• #antigen_presenting_cells
• #b_lymphocytes
• #t_lymphocytes
• #granulomatous_inflammation
• #caseous_necrosis
• #sarcoidosis
• #crohns_disease
• #biliary_cholangitis
• #thyroiditis
• #polyangiitis
• #foreign_body
• #nclex