The Art of War | Thirty-Six Stratagems | 01 Crossing Sea under Camouflage
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The Thirty-Six Stratagems (三十六计) is
The Thirty-Six Stratagems (三十六计) is an ancient Chinese collection of strategies and tactics used in warfare and other forms of conflict. These strategies focus on deception, psychological manipulation, and strategic planning to outmaneuver opponents. The stratagems are often applied in business, politics, and personal interactions, beyond their original military context. The collection is divided into six categories, each containing six stratagems, providing a comprehensive guide for various situations.
Here is an overview of the six categories:
1. Winning Stratagems (胜战计)
Strategies for when you have the advantage and want to consolidate or expand your victory.
01 – Crossing the sea under camouflage (瞒天过海)
02 – Relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei (围魏救赵)
03 – Kill with a borrowed knife (借刀杀人)
04 – Waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy (以逸待劳)
05 – Plundering a burning house (趁火打劫)
06 – Making a feint to the east and attacking in the west (声东击西)
2. Enemy Dealing Stratagems (敌战计)
Strategies for manipulating, deceiving, or directly confronting the enemy.
07 – Creating something out of nothing (无中生有)
08 – Advancing secretly by an unknown path (暗渡陈仓)
09 – Watching a fire from the other side of the river (隔岸观火)
10 – Covering the dagger with a smile (笑里藏刀)
11 – Palming off substitute for the real thing (李代桃僵)
12 – Picking up something in passing (顺手牵羊)
3. Attacking Stratagems (攻战计)
Offensive tactics to undermine or overpower the enemy.
13 – Beating the grass to frighten the snake (打草惊蛇)
14 – Resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse (借尸还魂)
15 – Luring the tiger out of his den (调虎离山)
16 – Letting the enemy off in order to catch him (欲擒故纵)
17 – Giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things (抛砖引玉)
18 – Capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers (擒贼擒王)
4. Confusion Stratagems (混战计)
Strategies for creating confusion, chaos, or misdirection to disrupt the enemy's plans.
19 – Extracting the firewood from under the cauldron (釜底抽薪)
20 – Muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters (混水摸鱼)
21 – Slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin (金蝉脱壳)
22 – Catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route (关门捉贼)
23 – Befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy (远交近攻)
24 – Attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor (假途伐虢)
5. Gaining Ground Stratagems (并战计)
Strategies for gaining strategic advantages and improving one's position.
25 – Stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers (偷梁换柱)
26 – Reviling abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry (指桑骂槐)
27 – Feigning madness without becoming insane (假痴不癫)
28 – Removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof (上屋抽梯)
29 – Putting artificial flowers on trees (树上开花)
30 – Turning from the guest into the host (反客为主)
6. Desperate Stratagems (败战计)
Tactics for desperate or disadvantageous situations to find a way out or turn the tide.
31 – Using seductive women to corrupt the enemy (美人计)
32 – Presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness (空城计)
33 – Sowing discord among the enemy (反间计)
34 – Deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man (苦肉计)
35 – Coordinating one stratagem with another (连环计)
36 – Decamping being the best; running away as the best choice (走为上计)
These stratagems emphasize the importance of flexibility, adaptability, and psychological warfare in achieving success.
Here is an overview of the six categories:
1. Winning Stratagems (胜战计)
Strategies for when you have the advantage and want to consolidate or expand your victory.
01 – Crossing the sea under camouflage (瞒天过海)
02 – Relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei (围魏救赵)
03 – Kill with a borrowed knife (借刀杀人)
04 – Waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy (以逸待劳)
05 – Plundering a burning house (趁火打劫)
06 – Making a feint to the east and attacking in the west (声东击西)
2. Enemy Dealing Stratagems (敌战计)
Strategies for manipulating, deceiving, or directly confronting the enemy.
07 – Creating something out of nothing (无中生有)
08 – Advancing secretly by an unknown path (暗渡陈仓)
09 – Watching a fire from the other side of the river (隔岸观火)
10 – Covering the dagger with a smile (笑里藏刀)
11 – Palming off substitute for the real thing (李代桃僵)
12 – Picking up something in passing (顺手牵羊)
3. Attacking Stratagems (攻战计)
Offensive tactics to undermine or overpower the enemy.
13 – Beating the grass to frighten the snake (打草惊蛇)
14 – Resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse (借尸还魂)
15 – Luring the tiger out of his den (调虎离山)
16 – Letting the enemy off in order to catch him (欲擒故纵)
17 – Giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things (抛砖引玉)
18 – Capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers (擒贼擒王)
4. Confusion Stratagems (混战计)
Strategies for creating confusion, chaos, or misdirection to disrupt the enemy's plans.
19 – Extracting the firewood from under the cauldron (釜底抽薪)
20 – Muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters (混水摸鱼)
21 – Slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin (金蝉脱壳)
22 – Catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route (关门捉贼)
23 – Befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy (远交近攻)
24 – Attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor (假途伐虢)
5. Gaining Ground Stratagems (并战计)
Strategies for gaining strategic advantages and improving one's position.
25 – Stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers (偷梁换柱)
26 – Reviling abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry (指桑骂槐)
27 – Feigning madness without becoming insane (假痴不癫)
28 – Removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof (上屋抽梯)
29 – Putting artificial flowers on trees (树上开花)
30 – Turning from the guest into the host (反客为主)
6. Desperate Stratagems (败战计)
Tactics for desperate or disadvantageous situations to find a way out or turn the tide.
31 – Using seductive women to corrupt the enemy (美人计)
32 – Presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness (空城计)
33 – Sowing discord among the enemy (反间计)
34 – Deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man (苦肉计)
35 – Coordinating one stratagem with another (连环计)
36 – Decamping being the best; running away as the best choice (走为上计)
These stratagems emphasize the importance of flexibility, adaptability, and psychological warfare in achieving success.
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