Root Adaptations - GCSE Biology | kayscience.com

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Roots are lined with specialised cells called root hair cells, which increase the surface area of the root. By increasing the surface area, you increase the rate of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport of substances into the plant.

The root hair cells absorb water by osmosis, which is the movement of water from a high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

The root hair cells absorb mineral ions by active transport, which is the movement of particles from a low to high concentration through protein carrier molecules, which requires energy.  

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