Artistic Islamic Astrolabes in the light of modern Geometric Concepts

Artistic Islamic Astrolabes in the light of modern Geometric Concepts by Prof. Jan Hogendijk January 23, 2024 Abstract: After a brief explanation of the astrolabe, we will look at the patterns engraved on Islamic astrolabe plates, in examples from the school of Allahdad. We will use modern geometric concepts and introduce these astrolabe patterns as orthogonal pencils of coaxal circles. We do not want to suggest a historical connection: The mathematicians who discovered pencils of coaxal circles in the 19th century were unaware of Islamic astrolabes, and the Islamic astrolabe makers did not use coaxal circles. But we will discuss the question which mathematical concepts and techniques the Islamic astrolabe makers did use, to engrave the beautiful patterns, which were recognized later as pencils of coaxal circles. Some answers can be given by al-Farghani (ninth century CE) and al-Biruni (973-ca. 1048 CE), but mysteries remain.

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